| 释义 |
▪ I. bate, v.1|beɪt|
Also 6–7 baite, bayte, 7–9 bait.
[a. OF. batre (mod. battre):—late L. batĕre, battĕre, for cl. L. batuĕre. In sense 1 partly also a shortened form of debate v.]
†1. To contend, fight, strive, with blows or arguments. Const. on. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 5913 And for he wil þus bate [Trin. MS. debate] on me, I sal him drenkil in þe se. c1400Destr. Troy xiv. 5914 Durst no buerne on hym bate for his bold dedis. c1440Promp. Parv. 26/2 Batyn, or make debate, Iurgor.
2. Falconry. To beat the wings impatiently and flutter away from the fist or perch. (Fr. se battre: cf. abate v.1 18.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. iii. (1495) 412 That she bate not to ofte fro his honde. 1486Bk. St. Alban's, Hawking A vj, Holde faste at all timys and specially whan she batith. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. i. 99 These kites, That baite, and beate, and will not be obedient. 1631Celestina i. 3 The Gyrfalcon bated, and I came in to set him on the pearch. 1828Sebright Observ. Hawking 14 In the field the hood prevents them from baiting. Ibid. 48 Which assists the hawk in regaining the perch when he has baited off.
b. fig. To flutter, struggle; to be restless or impatient. Obs.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. ii. 14 Come, civil night..Hood my vnman'd blood, bayting in my Cheekes. 1673Dryden Assignation i. i, You are eager, and baiting to be gone. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 106 It's now somewhat late to bait after things before us.
c. with some sense of bate v.2 combined: To flutter downwards. Also to bate the wings.
1590Greene Never too late (1600) 93, I haue soared with the Hobby, I shall bate with the Bunting. 1641Milton Ch. Discip. i. Wks. (1851) 2 Till the Soule by this meanes of over-bodying herselfe..bated her wing apace downeward.
▪ II. bate, v.2|beɪt|
Forms: 4– bate; (4 bawt), 6–7 bayte, baite.
[aphetic form of abate v.1]
†1. trans. To beat down or away; fig. to put an end to. Obs.
c1300K. Alis. 7496 Thow batest wrong, and hauntest ryght. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 87 Bated was þe strife. Ibid. 338 And bate alle oþer outrage. c1430Hymns to Virg. (1867) 57 Þe deuelis boost þus gan he bate. 1601Holland Pliny II. 521 Bate the earth from about the roots of Oliues.
†b. intr. To come to an end, cease. Obs.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 440 Þe rayn..batede as fast.
2. trans. To lower, let down; fig. to cast down, humble, depress, deject. (With quot. 1834 cf. 6.)
c1380Sir Ferumb. 749 Ȝut stod he strong & stif..& ne batedede noȝt is mod. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §153 Myght bere it though he lost and bate nat his countenaunce. 1530Palsgr. 443/1, I bayte myne eares (Lydgate), I applye them to herken a thynge, Je embats. 1834S. Rogers Inscript. Strathfieldsaye, On he went, Bating nor heart, nor hope.
†b. to bate of, from: to bring down or remove from; to deprive of. Obs.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeless ii. 13 Ffor mowtynge..bawtid ȝoure bestis of here bolde chere. 1642Rogers Naaman 869 Who will baite their children and servants from their diligence.
†c. intr. To become dejected or depressed. Obs.
1608Tourneur Rev. Trag. ii. ii. 54, I bate in courage now. 1678Dryden Dram. Wks. IV. 192 His Heroe..Bates of his Mettle; and scarce Rants at all.
3. trans. To beat back or blunt the edge of. lit. and fig. (Perhaps in fig. use combined with some idea of bait v.1 II., as if ‘to satisfy the hunger of.’)
1535Coverdale Jer. xlvi. 10 The swearde shal deuoure, it shal be satisfied and bated [1611 made drunke] in their bloude. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. i. 6 Which shall bate his sythes keene edge. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. xv. 85 Caiaphas..to baite his envy, was furiously determined Jesus should die. 1827F. Cooper Prairie I. iii. 43 And now I have bated your curiosity.
†4. trans. To lower in amount, weight, estimation, to reduce. Obs.
c1460Pol. Poems (1859) II. 286 Theyre..wages be batyd. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. iii. 32 These greefes and losses haue so bated mee. 1607― Timon iii. iii. 26 Who bates mine Honor, shall not know my Coyne. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727, II. 34 He must bate the Labourer's Wages.
†b. intr. To decrease in amount, weight, estimation. Obs.
a1541Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861), How that my wealth doth bate. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. iii. 2 Doe I not bate? doe I not dwindle?
5. trans. To lessen in force or intensity; to mitigate, moderate, assuage, diminish. Now chiefly in phr. to bate one's breath: to restrain one's breathing, and make it soft and gentle.
a1300Cursor M. 10942 And dow þai þar-fore murnand were, Þai batid it mekil wid þair chere. 1398Trevisa Barth. xiii. xxi. (1495) 452 Takyth fro us the beemes of the sonne and batyth heete therof. a1650Crashaw Poems (1858) 117 And with some daring drug, Bait the disease. a1653G. Daniel Idyll v. 105 Let's sift the World; and bate yt Proverbe's force. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede 41 To his dying day he bated his breath a little when he told the story.
b. intr. To fall off in force or intensity. (Cf. 6.)
1860Tyndall Glac. i. §3. 29 His cheerfulness and energy did not bate a jot.
6. trans. To strike off or take away (a part of); to deduct, subtract.
c1440Promp. Parv. 26/2 Batyn or abaten of weyte or mesure, subtraho. 1543Recorde Gr. Arts 120 b, Then 8..from 3 cannot be, therefore do they bate it from a hygher roume. 1602Life T. Cromwell ii. iii. 92, I will not bate a penny. 1720Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. I. iv. 202 Neither of the Parties wou'd bate any thing of its Pretensions. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. (1861) 120 I'd not bate one nail's breadth of the honest truth.
b. with obj. (orig. dat.) of the person, etc.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, Epil., Bate me some, and I will pay you some. 1633G. Herbert Ch. Porch xlv. in Temple 10 Do not bate The place its honour. 1712Addison Spect. No. 488 ⁋2 They offered..to bate him the article of bread and butter in the tea-table account. 1867Parkman Jesuits N. Amer. viii. (1875) 91 Brébeuf would bate them nothing.
c. ellipt. To deprive (a person) of; also dial. to deduct part of the wages of.
1823Byron Juan xiii. xcviii, Must let slip no occasion, Nor bate (abate) their hearers of an inch. 1854Mrs. Gaskell North & S. xvi, ‘Their business [being] to bate us down to clemming point.’ 1865Harland Lanc. Lyrics 242 He winna' ‘bate’ me when He sees Aw 've done as weel 's aw could. Aw 'se get my wage.
d. to bate an ace: see ace n. 3 b. bate me an ace, quoth Bolton: an obsolete expression of incredulity.
1570R. Edwards Damon & P. in Hazl. Dodsl. IV. 77 Nay, there bate an ace (quod Bolton). c1600Day Begg-Bednell Gr. (1881) 110 Bate me an ace of that, qd. Bolton.
†7. To omit, leave out of count, except. Obs.
a1611Beaum. & Fl. Maids Trag. i. i, Bate me the King..He lyes that saies it. 1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 183 For, bate reward, who will at vertue aime? 1679Dryden Œdipus iii. i, Bate but his Years, You are his Picture. 1704Swift T. Tub (1768) I. 117 If you will bate him but the circumstances of method and style.
†8. to bate of:
a. to make an abatement or deduction from, or lessening of. Obs.
1625B. Jonson Stapl. News iii. iv, And yet not pay the use; Bate of the use? I am mad with this times manners. 1628Earl Microcosm. vi. 14 A good conceit or two bates of such a man, and makes a sensible weakning in him. 1642R. Carpenter Experience ii. iv. 179 The dearest friends would bate of their love.
b. to be deficient in.
1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Pet. ii. 2 Suppose the example bates of multitude, and is supplied with magnitude.
▪ III. bate, v.3 Tanning.|beɪt|
[immediate source doubtful; cf. Sw. beta to tan, G. beiszen to steep in lye, to macerate, also to bait v.1 (with which it is cognate).]
To steep in bate: see bate n.5
1875Ure Dict. Arts III. 89 The liming and bating, or the unhairing and cleansing. 1879Jamieson, Bait, to steep skins in a ley made of hens' or pigeons' dung, for the purpose of reducing them to a proper softness.
▪ IV. † bate, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 4–7 bate; also 4–5 bat, 5 batte, 6 baate, bayte.
[f. bate v.1; or directly shortened from debate n.]
1. Contention, strife, discord.
a1300Cursor M. 9684 Bituix mi sisteris es þe bate [Cotton MS. debat]. a1400Cov. Myst. (1841) 12 Cryst that lovyd not stryff nor bat. 1569Spenser Sonnets viii, Ciuile bate Made me the spoile and bootie of the world. 1690Shadwell Am. Bigot i. i, I'll breed no bate nor division between young people.
b. at (the) bate: at strife, contending, fighting.
a1500E.E. Misc. (1855) 64 Thowth men be now at the batte, They may be frendys anodyre day. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xx. v, Was never man yet surely at the bayte Wyth Sapyence, but that he dyd repent. 1623Sir J. Stradling in Farr S.P. 233 A man within himself may be at bate.
2. Comb., as bate-breeding, bate-maker, bate-making.
1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 963/1 Hys bate making booke. a1564Becon Christ & Antichr. (1844) 517 Antichrist is our disturber, bate-maker and destroyer. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. cx, This sour informer, this bate-breeding spy. 1646Vox Populi Pref., And our Peace-preachers turnes our Bate-makers.
¶ With the following cf. bait n.1 III, bate v.1 2.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1461 Þen, brayn-wod for bate on burnez he [the boar] rasez. 1627Feltham Resolves ii. xi. Wks. 181 The Bates and Flutterings of a Conscience within.
▪ V. bate, n.2 Obs. or dial.|beɪt|
[f. bate v.2]
†1. Depression, lowering: cf. abate n. 1. Obs.
1686Goad Celest. Bod. i. iii. 9 The difformity of the parts of the Earth..of Hault or Bate.
2. Deduction, diminution, abatement: cf. abate n. 3. Still in north. dial., esp. in comb.
c1450in Babees Bk. (1868) 329 Withoute bate or betyng be hit distribute..to powre men. 1845Disraeli Sybil (1863) 72 You're never paid wages, but there's a bate ticket. 1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld., Batework, short work.
†3. That which is deducted or remains over. Obs.
1798Ann. Reg. 35/2 The bate or surplus of the chain remained suspended.
▪ VI. † bate, n.3 Obs. rare.
[ad. Gr. βάτος, ad. Heb. bath.]
= bath n.3
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xvi. 6 An hundred bates of oyle.
▪ VII. bate, n.4 Obs. exc. in north. dial.|beɪt|
[Origin unknown.]
The grain of wood or stone.
1664Power Exp. Philos. iii. 159 Finding the grain and bait of the stone to lye fit for their Tranation. 1692Ray Disc. ii. v. (1732) 231 The Bate or Texture of the wood. 1746Arderon in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 185, I sawed seven Pieces cross the Bate or Grain. 1879Jamieson, Bait, the grain of wood or stone. Aberd.
▪ VIII. bate, n.5 Tanning.|beɪt|
[immediate source doubtful; cf. Sw. beta ‘maceration, soaking, lime-pit, corrosive,’ G. beisze ‘maceration, steeping,’ f. beiszen to cause to bite, bait v.1 See bate v.3]
An alkaline lye which neutralizes the effect of the previous application of lime, and makes the hides supple; a vat containing it; the process of steeping in it.
1804Hull Advertiser 30 June 2/3 A Tan-Yard, containing..Securing-tubs, and Bates. 1875Ure Dict. Arts III. 89 The bate consists in steeping the haired hides in a solution of pigeons' dung. 1879Jamieson, Bait, the ley in which skins are put.
▪ IX. bate, n.6
See bait n.2
▪ X. bate
variant of bait; obs. form of boat. |