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▪ I. bastard, n. and a.|ˈbɑːstəd, -æ-|
Also 5–6 bastarde, (7 baster'd).
[a. OF. bastard, mod. bâtard (= Pr. bastard, It., Sp., Pg. bastardo) = fils de bast, ‘pack-saddle child,’ f. bast (see bast n.2) + the pejorative suffix -ard. Cf. bantling.]
A. n.
1. a. One begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate or natural child.
By the civil and canon laws, a child born out of wedlock is legitimated by the subsequent marriage of his parents; but by the law of England, retained in some of the United States, a child to be legitimate must at least be born after the marriage of the parents. bastard eigne or bastard elder: the bastard son of a man who afterwards marries the mother, and has a legitimate son; the latter is called in legal phrase mulier puisne or younger.
1297R. Glouc. 295 Of þulke blode Wyllam bastard com. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. viii. 76 Bringeþ forþ Barnes þat Bastardes beon holden. c1450Merlin vii. 112 Thei wolde neuer haue no bastarde to theire kynge. 1528Perkins Prof. Bk. i. §49 A bastard eigne who is mulier in the spirituall law. 1601Shakes. All's Well ii. iii. 100 Sure they are bastards to the English, the French nere got em. 1662Fuller Worthies i. 322 He confuted their Etymology who deduced Bastard from the Dutch words boes and art, that is an abject Nature, and verifyed their deduction deriving it from besteaerd, that is the best disposition. 1764Burn Just. Peace s.v., The word bastard seemeth to have been brought unto us by the Saxons; and to be compounded of base, vile or ignoble, and start, or steort signifying a rise or original. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. viii. 210 Spiritual preferments..for cadets or bastards of the royal house.
b. Also bastaard. [Afrikaans bastaard (now baster).] A person of mixed breed; a Griqua. S. Afr.
1790E. Helme tr. Le Vaillant's Travels into Africa II. viii. 163, I mean to speak of the natural children which have sprung from an intercourse of the Whites with the female Hottentots, or between these same women and the negroes. They are commonly known at the Cape under the appellation of Bastards. 1806J. Barrow Voy. to Cochinchina 377 They came..to a second horde of Bastaards and Bosjesmans. 1814W. Brown Hist. Propag. Christianity II. ix. 425 The term Bastard applied to a Hottentot, does not mean that he is illegitimate, but merely that he is of mixed breed. 1866J. Leyland Adv. Far Interior S. Afr. ii. 32 The Griquas or Bastards. 1900A. H. Keane Boer States vi. 85 Many are in fact ‘Bastaards’, that is to say, Hottentot-Dutch half breeds.
c. Used vulgarly as a term of abuse for a man or boy, and, with weakened force, as the equivalent of ‘fellow’, ‘chap’; also trivially for ‘thing’, esp. something bad or annoying.
1830Scatcherd Hist. Morley 339 Bastard, a term of reproach for a mischievous or worthless boy. 1833C. Lamb Let. 27 Apr. (1935) III. 367 We have had a sick child, who sleeping, or not sleeping, next me with a pasteboard partition between, killed my sleep. The little bastard is gone. 1917J. Masefield Old Front Line iv. 58 For all their bloody talk the bastards couldn't bring it down. 1919H. Crane Let. 22 Nov. (1965) 24 ― is a poor ignorant bastard of some kind. 1927T. Wolfe Lett. (1956) 118 Joe, you old bastard, how the hell are you! 1931R. Aldington Colonel's Daughter i. 56 The smug bastards who declare that all is for the best in this best of all possible worlds. 1936J. Curtis Gilt Kid ii. 18 What's Wandsworth like? Proper bastard, I suppose. 1937J. A. Lee Civilian into Soldier i. 29 ‘He's a bastard.’ Guy used the term not for its dictionary meaning, but because among New Zealanders no term expressed greater contempt. 1938J. Masefield Dead Ned 233 It's a bastard being in quad with no blunt. 1940H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood i. iv. 104 Serve the cocky little bastard right. 1942T. Rattigan Flare Path iii. 164 Johnny, you old bastard! Are you all right? 1960Observer 18 Dec. 10/3 Australians pride themselves on their imperviousness to excitement. The phrase ‘she's a bastard’ is usually regarded as adequate for most dramas from four-year droughts to bush fires. 1961J. Maclaren-Ross Doomsday Book ii. i. 108 This bastard of a bump on the back of my head. 1968K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 23 ‘You're not a bad bastard, Hunter,’ he said, ‘in spite of your lousy cooking.’
2. fig.
1583Fulke Defence iv, He pronounceth the Epistle of James..to be a bastard. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxiii. 215 Fame being a bastard or filia populi, 'tis very hard to find her father. 1785Burke Nab. Arcots' Debts Wks. IV. 319 Six great chopping bastards [Reports of Committee of Secrecy], each as lusty as an infant Hercules.
3. a. A mongrel, an animal of inferior breed. ? Obs.
1601Holland Pliny I. 191 The lesser sort of [elephants], which they call Bastards. 1602Ret. fr. Parnass. ii. v. 30 Small Ladies puppies, Caches and Bastards.
†4. A sweet kind of Spanish wine, resembling muscadel in flavour; sometimes applied to any kind of sweetened wine. Obs. exc. Hist. (See B. 7.)
1399[Rogers Agric. & Prices (1866) I. xxv. 619 The fellows of Merton purchase..some bastard in 1399.] c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. 125 The namys of swete wynes y wold þat ye them knewe..Bastard, Tyre, Oȝey, etc. a1536Tindale Exp. Matt. Wks. II. 97 With basta[r]do, muscadell, and ipocrass. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 30 Anon, Anon sir, Score a Pint of Bastard in the Halfe Moone. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 642 Bastards..seeme to me to be so called, because they are oftentimes adulterated and falsified with honey. 1631Heywood Maid of West III. Wks. 1874 II. 301 Ile furnish you with bastard white or brown. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. xiv. 85 He..called for a little mulled bastard.
†5. A kind of cloth, ? of inferior or mixed quality, or unusual make or size. Obs.
1483Act 1 Rich. III, viii. §18 Woollen Cloths called Bastards. 1523Act 14–15 Hen. VIII, i, White brode wollen clothes with Crumpil listes, other wise called bastardes.
†6. A kind of war-vessel, a variety of galley.
1506Sir R. Guylforde Pylgr. 7 An .c. galyes, grete bastardes and sotell. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 78 Gallies, as well bastards as subtill mahonnets.
†7. A species of cannon, also called bastard culverin. Cf. bastard a. 6. Obs.
[1549Compl. Scotl. vi. 41 (1872) Mak reddy ȝour cannons, culuerene moyens, culuerene bastardis, falcons, saikyrs.] 1670Cotton Espernon i. iv. 149 Thirty brass Pieces, of which fourteen were Royal Culverines, or Bastards. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The long bastards..are either common or uncommon. To the common kind belong the double culverin extraordinary, etc.
8. A large sail used in the Mediterranean when there is little wind. (So F. bâtard.)
1753in Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Bastard, a fair-weather square sail..occasionally used for an awning.
9. A particular size of paper. ? Obs.
1712Act 10 Anne in Lond. Gaz. No. 5018/3 Paper called.. bastard or double Copy. 1774Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. II. 374 The duties on..blue royal, or bastard, or fool's-cap.
10. Sugar-refining.
a. An impure coarse brown sugar, made from the refuse syrup of previous boilings.
b. A large mould into which sugar is drained. (So F. bâtard.)
1859in Worcester. 1864in Webster.
11. = bastarda.
1928S. Morison German Incunabula in Brit. Mus. 10 The Bastards are scripts answering to the need for a speedy letter appropriate for the copying of books or documents of minor value or importance. Ibid. The Bastard of the 36-line Indulgence.
12. Comb., as bastard-bearing, bastard-bellied, bastard-like.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 423 Whereby the warlike vertues..of their subjects become degenerate and bastardlike. 1633Ford 'Tis Pity iv. iii. (1839) 40 Thy corrupted bastard-bearing womb! 1640Brome Sparag. Gard. iv. iv. 183 Though she prov'd bastard-bellyed, I will owne her.
B. adj. [At first not separable from the n.: so in Fr.]
1. Born out of wedlock, illegitimate.
1297R. Glouc. 412 He was Wyllammes sone bastard. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 388 Thy bastard brother made the to fle. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 307 Ha? a Bastard Sonne of the Kings? 1729Swift Wks. (1841) II. 100 That horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xiv. (1862) 202 The marriage..void, and the issue counterfeit or bastard.
2. a. Mongrel, hybrid, of inferior breed. ? Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. lxxxiii. (1495) 834 The perde..gendreth wyth the lyennesse: of that bastarde generacion comith leoperdus. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 161 Their lesser Elephants (which they call bastard Elephants). 1641Hinde J. Bruen vii. 27 To beget and bring forth mules, a bastard brood.
b. In South Africa: of or pertaining to a person of mixed breed. Cf. sense A. 1 b above.
1792E. Riou tr. Van Reenen's Jrnl. Journey from Cape of Good Hope 28 A village of bastaard Christians, who were descended from people shipwrecked on that coast... The Cape people..call all those Hottentots, bastaard Hottentots, whose race has been intermixed with the slaves brought from the East Indies, [etc.].
3. a. fig. Illegitimate, unrecognized, unauthorized.
1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 48 Who soeuer receiueth of a woman, office or authoritie, are adulterous and bastard officers before God. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 66 Usurie..is the Bastard use of Money. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) III. 67 After speaking of prophetical enthusiasm, and establishing..a legitimate and a bastard-sort. 1843Gladstone Gleanings V. i. 38 The bastard sense..strives to eject what he firmly holds to be legitimate.
b. bastard branch or bastard slip: a shoot or sucker springing of its own accord from the root of a tree, or where not wanted. Often fig. = bastard n.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxix. (1495) 720 Vitulamen is that bastarde plante other braunche..that spryngeth oute of the rote of the vyne or elles where in the vyne . and not out of the knottes. c1525More Wks. (1557) 60/2 Bastard slippes shal neuer take depe roote. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 86 The Kingdome of Naples, beeing now in the possession of a Bastardslip of Arragon. 1768Blackstone Comm. IV. 409 From this root has sprung a bastard slip, known by the name of the game law. 1852Tupper Proverb. Philos. 293 Grey-headed men, the bastard slips of science, Go for light to glow-worms.
4. fig. Not genuine; counterfeit, spurious; debased, adulterated, corrupt.
1552Huloet, Bastarde hande, letter, or wrytynge, Litera adulterina. 1635Quarles Emblems ii. v. (1718) 83 With thy bastard bullion thou hast barter'd for wares of price. a1639W. Whately Prototypes i. xix. (1640) 194 Favourable dealing with a man..for a faire sister, or kinswomans sake, is a kinde of bastard curtesie. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 314 The Swisses speak a bastard French. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey ii. iv. 36 That bastard, but picturesque style of architecture, called the Italian Gothic.
5. Having the appearance of, somewhat resembling; an inferior or less proper kind of; esp. in scientific nomenclature applied to things resembling, but not identical with, the species which legitimately bear the name.
a. generally.
1530Palsgr. 196/2 Bastarde floure, folle farine. 1601Holland Pliny I. 99 Foure more [mouths of the Nile], which they themselues call bastard mouthes. 1670H. Stubbe Plus Ultra Reduced 145 A florid red, but paler than blood..resembling a bastard-scarlet. 1691Ray Creation i. (1704) 106 Bastard Diamonds. 1844H. Hutchinson Pract. Drainage 153 A portion of which is strong clay, and more of which is of the description requiring Bastard Draining.
b. esp. in Bot., often forming the specific name of a plant; see Bastard alkanet, balm, pimpernel, saffron, toadflax, etc.
1578Lyte Dodoens 42 Of the false and Bastard Rewbarbes, there are at y⊇ least foure or fiue kindes. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 432 Sison, bastard Stone-parsley. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 130 A grove of bastard pine trees, called by Malays, Arrow. 1865Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 385 The beautiful spotted bastard-balm..spangling the hedge with its large white flowers.
c. in Zool., Phys., etc. bastard-wing, a set of three or four quill-like feathers placed at a small joint in the middle of a bird's wing, taken as the analogue of the thumb in mammals.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 46 The lower part of the ribs are commonly called the false ribbes, or bastard ribbes. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 307 The Lapwing or Bastard Plover. 1772Forster in Phil. Trans. LXII. 420 The Alula, or bastard wing, is black. 1799G. Smith Laborat. II. 298 Alder-fly, withy-fly, or bastard-caddis. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. xiv. (1878) 397 The ‘bastard-wing’ may safely be considered as a rudimentary digit.
d. in Med.
1625Hart Anat. Ur. ii. v. 79, I was surprised with a bastard Tertian ague. 1728Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 442 Some Resemblance of the Aneurysm; for which Reason it is by some Chirurgeons term'd a Bastard-Aneurysm. 1881Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., Bastard Measles, the Roseola epidemica.
e. in Geol. and Min.
1695Voy. Eng. Merch. in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 127 Covered with an Arch of Bastard Marble. 1839Murchison Silur. Syst. i. xxxi. 415 A bastard limestone charged with encrinites. 1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. & Durh. 7 Bastard Whin, very hard post or sandstone, but not so flinty as to be called whin.
6. Of abnormal shape or irregular (esp. unusually large) size; spec. applied:
†a. Mil. to swords, guns, etc.;
†b. to ships (cf. A 6);
c. to a file intermediate between the coarse and fine ‘cuts’;
d. in Printing, to (a) a fount of type cast on a smaller or larger body than that to which it usually belongs, (b) an abbreviated or half-title on the page preceding the full title-page of a book.
a.1418E.E. Wills (1882) 30, I bequethe to Symond Wrenchin..my Bastard Swerd. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. i. 95 The Bastard square, is the battell which conteineth almost twise so many men in front, as in flanke. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiv. 69 Bastard-muskets, Coliuers. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The ordinary bastard culverin carries a ball of eight pounds.
b.1667Lond. Gaz. No. 220/2 The Bastard Gally that lies ready to sail. 1693Ibid. No. 2878/2 One Bastard Galley on which the Doge is embarked.
c.1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 15 The Bastard-tooth'd file is to take out of your work, the deep cuts..the Rough-file made; the Fine-tooth'd file is to take out the cuts..the Bastard-file made. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 32 Bastard Cut..a file between rough and smooth.
e. Of the Gothic script known as bastard (sense A. 11) or bastarda.
1888J. H. Hessels in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 694/1 Bastard Italian or bastard Roman was introduced in 1454 at Mainz in the 31-line and 30-line indulgence.
7. Applied as a specific epithet:
a. to wine (cf. A. 4).
1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 160 Raysyns, wyne bastarde, and dates. 1598Epulario B. ij, Bastard wine, that is, wine sod with new wine, called Must. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 635 Mungrell or bastard vvines, vvhich..haue neither manifest sweetnesse nor manifest astriction.
b. to sugar (cf. A. 10).
1833B. Silliman Man. Sugar Cane 93 The language of the sugar refiners appears to be tolerably uniform, in applying the term bastard sugar to that which is formed from the first dripping of the lump. 1863Act 26 Vict. xxii. Sched. A, Bastard or Refined Sugar unstoved. 1877Burroughs Taxation 551 Bastard sugar is the residuum..of clayed sugars.
8. bastard trenching in Hort. (see quots.). Hence (as a back-formation) bastard-trench v. trans.
1842Loudon Suburban Hort. ii. iii. 230 ‘Double digging’ is in horticulture what subsoil ploughing is in agriculture; the surface soil is kept on the surface, but the bottom of the trench is dug over as the work proceeds... By many this is called ‘bastard trenching’. 1909Daily Chron. 23 Oct. 3/5 The best method is to dig out the surface soil..and to carry it to the far end of the bed, to work the manure into the lower soil now exposed..and cover it with the upper soil of the next yard; and so on down the bed, filling the last hole with the soil taken from the first. This is known as ‘bastard-trenching’. 1923W. Deeping Secret Sanctuary x. 104 Stretton set himself to bastard-trench a quarter of an acre. 1933Jrnl. R. Hort. Soc. LVIII. 98, I invariably endeavour to bastard trench all the ground to be occupied by chrysanthemums.
▪ II. † ˈbastard, v. Obs.
[f. prec. n.; cf. 16th c. F. abastardir, Sp. abastardar, It. abbastardire, bastardire, Eng. abastard.]
1. trans. To declare or stigmatize as a bastard; to render illegitimate, bastardize. Also fig.
1549Chaloner tr. Erasm. Moriæ Enc. P ij b, They do binde Christ in certaine money lawes of theyr owne, and with wrested gloses..dooe bastard him. 1589Warner Alb. Eng. vi. xxx. (1597) 149 He bastards Cupid, and..Venus did chaife. a1658Cleveland To Earl Newcastle Gen. Poems (1677) 147 To Bastard her present Issue.
2. intr. To beget a bastard. |