| 释义 |
▪ I. barrack, n.1|ˈbærək|
Forms: 7–8 barraque, 7 barack, 8– barrack.
[a. F. baraque, ad. It. baracca or Sp. barraca ‘a souldier's tent, or a booth, or such like thing made of the sayle of a shippe, or such like stuffe’ (Minsheu 1617). Of uncertain origin: Diez thinks from barra bar, comparing, for the form, trab-acca from trab-s beam. Others have tried to find an Arabic or Celtic source. Marsh has shown that the word occurs early in Sp. and Catalan.
1249Ord. in Privilegia Valentiæ in Marsh Wedgwood s.v., Concedimus vobis..habentibus barraquas sive patua aut loca determinata ad edificandum, etc. a1276Conq. Valencia ibid., Barraques de tapits e vanoues. 1611Escolano Hist. Valencia /271 Barracas y choças de pescadores.]
1. a. A temporary hut or cabin; e.g. for the use of soldiers during a siege, etc. Still in north. dial.
1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2107/2 The Houses ruined..are not yet rebuilt, so that greatest part of the Garison is still lodged in Barraques. 1706Phillips, Barrack or Barraque, a Hut like a little Cottage for Soldiers to lodge in a Camp, when they have no tents. 1729Swift Grand Quest. Wks. 1755 IV. i. 103 To dispose of it to the best bidder, For a barrack or malt-house. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. lvi. 367 He lodged in a miserable hut or barrack. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. (1858) 192 These barracks or bothies are almost always of the most miserable description.
b. ‘A straw-thatched roof supported by four posts, capable of being raised or lowered at pleasure, under which hay is kept.’ Bartlett Dict. Amer. 1848.
2. A set of buildings erected or used as a place of lodgement or residence for troops.
a. usually in pl. (collective), sometimes improperly treated as a sing.
1697Lond. Gaz. No. 3314/3 An Estimate of the Charge of Building a Cittadel at Limericke; and of Baracks to be made for the Soldiers. 1760Wesley in Jrnl. 21 July (1827) III. 11, I preached near the barracks. 1879Jenkinson Guide I. Wight 43 Barracks were also erected, and the place was considered of military importance. 1884Harper's Mag. Nov. 813/1 The college building had been seized for a barracks.
b. sometimes in sing.
1698Par. Reg. Drypool, Hull, 21 Dec., [Baptism of] Jane, Daughter of Hugh Scot, Gentleman, Officer in the Barwick. 1699Ibid. 2 Nov., Officer at the Berwick. 1774T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry lxii. (1840) III. 404 He..lived to see his cathedral converted into a barrack. 1845Disraeli Sybil (1853) 27 His own idea of a profession being limited to a barrack in a London park.
c. transf.
1883Earl Cairns in Chr. Commw. 834/3 The children were not massed together in great barracks, but were broken up into small detachments.
d. (sing. or pl.). A large plain building or range of buildings, tenements, or flats in which a number of people are housed; also, any strikingly plain-looking building suggestive of a military barracks. Also attrib. as barrack-flat.
1862Mrs. Gaskell Let. 23 July (1966) 926 We went to the Hotel de Sévigné, her old town house,..an immense barrack of an old half-fortified house. 1880Trollope Duke's Children III. xix. 215 ‘What a nice little room..’ said Isabel. ‘It's a beastly great barrack,’ said Silverbridge. 1886Contemp. Rev. Sept. 329 The railway has come close under the walls of the château, while an ugly barrack has sprung up on the other side. 1909Westm. Gaz. 20 Oct. 1/3 A feature of German housing which reformers desire to abolish: that is, of the many-storied barrack-flat system. 1922Joyce Ulysses 750, I dont like being alone in this big barracks of a place. 1956M. Duggan Immanuel's Land 108 The secret drink, I've heard it said, of old Ignatz, back at the barracks.
e. spec. The regular quarters of the Salvation Army.
1887W. Booth in A. R. Wiggins Hist. Salvation Army (1964) IV. v. 189 No barracks are..to be let or used for Political Meetings of any kind. 1907G. B. Shaw Maj. Barbara ii. 224 She's gone to Canning Town, to our barracks there.
3. attrib., as in barrack-field, barrack-life, barrack-like (or barracks-like), barrack-room (also attrib.), barrack-shed, barrack-wing, barrack-yard; barrack-master, an officer who superintends soldiers' barracks; whence barrack-master general, an appointment abolished in 1806; barrack-rat (see quot.); barrack-room lawyer slang (orig. Mil.), a layman who claims special knowledge of rules, regulations, or the law; a pompously argumentative person; barrack school, a disparaging term formerly applied to a large district school for poor-law children; barrack-square, the square near military barracks, where drill, parades, etc., take place; also fig., = strictness, rigorous training; also attrib.
1769J. Wesley Jrnl. 13 July (1916) V. 328, I was driven to the barrack-field, where were twice as many as the hall could have contained.
1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. (1858) 186 Somewhat dismayed by this specimen of barrack-life. 1915R. Lankester Divers. of Naturalist 164 The latter barrack-like edifices. 1951S. Spender World within World 221 Albacete was a barracks-like town in a dull plain.
1715Addison Let. 9 Mar. (1941) 313 The Barrack-Master of Waterford..may not be thought proper to be continued in that Station.
a1745Swift Lett. (R.) An Irishman, who pretended to be barrack-master-general of Ireland. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 233 Barrack-Masters being expressly enjoined..to confine the issues of Bedding, Furniture, Utensils, and Stores to such only as, etc.
1936F. Richards Old Soldier Sahib viii. 160 Children born in Barracks were referred to as ‘barrack-rats’.
1777in New Hampshire Hist. Soc. Coll. VII. 68 That..he leave the paying for Barrack room..to a special Committee. 1787W. Dyott Diary 9 July (1907) I. 30 We were not able to get into our barrack-rooms. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 236 The Officer of the Day is to visit the Barrack-Rooms to see that they are properly cleaned. 1892Kipling (title) Barrack-room ballads and other verses. 1945A. J. P. Taylor Course German Hist. 100 Roon had the typical barrack-room mentality. 1943‘Raff’ & ‘Armstrong’ Nice Types 77 The Barrack-Room Lawyer has an ancient copy of King's Regulations in his locker. 1970Times 12 May 25/2 Reuther set about winkling out lazy..trade unionists..barrack-room lawyers, [etc.]. 1985Financial Times 1 Aug. 39/1 A line of policy has to be drawn..to guard against the barrack-room lawyer who seeks to draw out the dispute and involve the courts on technicalities. 1894E. Hart in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 Apr. 879/2 The system of pauper district schools organised on the ‘barrack’ principle should be mended or ended as soon as possible. Ibid. 28 Apr. 928 Poor Law Barrack Schools. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 835/1 Adverse criticism..in 1874..has been directed against these large, or, as they are invidiously called, barrack schools.
1749in J. S. McLennan Louisbourg (1918) 410 Two Barrack Sheds of hundred feet long each. 1932Statesman (Calcutta) 21 July, Our cricket..needs a bit of the barrack square. 1958S. Race in P. Gammond Decca Bk. of Jazz x. 124 The Goodman band was the first to combine barrack-square precision with solo freedom.
1901Kipling Kim vi. 143 Spreading his cloth in the shade of a deserted barrack-wing.
1760J. Wesley Jrnl. 28 June (1913) IV. 395 The colonel..gave me the liberty of preaching in the barrack-yard. 1863Kinglake Crimea II. 436 Here on the bloody slope of Alma no less than in the barrack-yard at home.
▪ II. barrack, n.2 Austral. and N.Z.
[f. barrack v.2]
An act, or the action, of barracking.
c1890D. McK. Wright in A. E. Woodhouse N.Z. Farm & Station Verse (1950) 33 There's the ‘barrack’ at the table and the clever things are said. 1931V. Palmer Separate Lives 13 They received him with shouts and good-natured barrack, as if he were one of the crowd. 1948― Golconda viii. 60 His flood of good-humoured barrack made the newcomers feel at home. 1949P. Newton High Country Days 46 The other four, full of noisy barrack, were playing pitch and toss with a set of old horse shoes.
▪ III. barrack, v.1|ˈbærək|
[f. barrack n.1]
1. trans. To provide barracks for; to locate in barracks.
1701Luttrell Brief Rel. V. 101 Prince Eugene has demanded..30,000 planks for barracking his troops. 1872Echo 1 Oct. 4 When men are not barracked, when military service implies..nothing but home defence.
2. intr. To lodge in barracks.
1834H. Miller Scenes & Leg. xxxii. (1857) 478 A small recruiting party barracked in one of the neighbouring lanes.
▪ IV. barrack, v.2|ˈbærək|
[app. orig. Australian (? alteration of borak), but E.D.D. cites barrack ‘to brag, to be boastful of one's fighting powers’, barracker ‘a braggart’, and barracking ‘bragging, boastfulness’ from northern Ireland.]
intr. To shout jocular or derisive remarks or words of advice as partisans against a person, esp. a person, or side collectively, engaged in a contest. Also, with for, to support (a player, speaker, etc.) (esp. by shouting). (Said of a section of the crowd of spectators, orig. Australian.) Also transf. b. trans. To shout in this way at (a player, speaker, etc.). Hence ˈbarracking vbl. n. and ppl. a.; also ˈbarracker n., one who barracks.
1885in Baker Austral. Lang. (1945) xvii. 309 Barracking. 1889Cricket 99 Junior clubs [in Sydney] have their armies of what are known as ‘barrackers’, who follow and howl for their side. 1890Farmer Slang, Barracking (Australian), banter, chaff. 1890Melbourne Punch 14 Aug. 106/3 To use a football phrase, they all to a man ‘barrack’ for the British Lion. 1893The Age 27 June 6/6 (Morris), People were afraid to go to them [sc. football matches] on account of the conduct of the crowd of ‘barrackers’. Ibid., The ‘barracking’ that was carried on at football matches. 1895Westm. Gaz. 1 Mar. 5/1 A spontaneous burst of cheering and ‘barracking’, with loud cries of ‘Bravo, Stoddart!’ were heard. 1900H. Lawson On Track 89, I was too shy to go in where there was a boy wanted and barrack for myself properly. 1901Westm. Gaz. 19 Aug. 6/2 The crowd had absolutely no right..to ‘barrack’ the players by yelling in concert now and again, at a critical moment. 1904Warner How we recovered Ashes 73 Hayward and myself had to undergo some ‘barracking’ for playing slowly. Ibid. 167 They will grow up into the type of man who ‘barracked’ Crockett so disgracefully at Sydney. 1911E. M. Clowes On the Wallaby iii. 47 It seems as if I was ‘barracking’ for Australia as against England. 1926Chambers's Jrnl. 543/2 Only once..was a querulous barracking voice raised. 1934A. E. Mulgan Spur of Morning 87 'Varsity barrackers gave up hope. 1943Coast to Coast 1942 165 Dingo kept his pipe in his mouth all evening, not saying a word till even Ward barracked him. 1955Glasgow Herald 25 July, It has helped to correct the poor impression he has of the supporters of Scottish Rugby, who never barrack. 1963Times 18 Feb. 20/4 It was a hot day but the heat did not deter the barrackers as England struggled for runs. Ibid. 11 May 5/1 When Miss Truman led 4–1 in the first set, the crowd began to barrack every point she scored and to encourage the Italian girl with prolonged cheering. |