| 释义 |
barbarism|ˈbɑːbərɪz(ə)m|
[a. F. barbarisme 13th c., ad. L. barbarismus, a. Gr. βαρβαρισµός ‘foreign mode of speech,’ f. βαρβαρίζ-ειν to (behave or) speak like a foreigner. The extension from language to social condition (= F. barbarie, L. barbaria, -ies) is exclusively English.]
1. The use of words or expressions not in accordance with the classical standard of a language, especially such as are of foreign origin; orig. the mixing of foreign words or phrases in Latin or Greek; hence, rudeness or unpolished condition of language.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 131 Affected with their barbarisme. 1613R. C. Table Alph., Barbarisme, rudenesse, a corrupt forme of writing or speaking. 1660Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 307/1 Amongst the faults of Speech is Barbarism. 1670Cotton Espernon i. i. 16 The French Tongue, which then first began to purge it self from the Barbarism of past Ages.
b. A foreign or non-classical word or idiom.
1589Marprel Epit. G j b, I would not haue you claime all the skill, in Barbarismes and Solecismes vnto your self. 1638Baker Balzac's Lett. (1654) III. 135 He smells a Barbarisme, or an incongruity seven miles off. 1752Johnson Rambl. No. 194 ⁋7 Every fashionable barbarism of the present winter. 1801W. Taylor in Month. Mag. XII. 223 A barbarism, then, is a fault of style originating in rudeness and ignorance; but a solecism is a fault of style originating in affectation and over-refinement.
2. Barbarous social or intellectual condition; absence of culture; uncivilized ignorance and rudeness. (The proper opposite of civilization.)
1584D. Powel Lloyd's Cambria 388 Withdraw any people from ciuility to Barbarisme. 1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1787) 2 Have risen from barbarism to civility. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. 79 After Barbarism had overrun Rome and Athens. c1854Stanley Sinai & Pal. iii. (1858) 161 The imperceptible boundary between civilisation and barbarism.
b. A trait or characteristic of such a condition.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 52 Plundering and other barbarismes that reign now abroad. 1860Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cxiv. 45 All obsolete barbarisms are coming back upon us. 1871Daily News 15 Dec., The open gas flames..are as much a barbarism in the view of sanitary science.
†3. Barbarous cruelty; barbarity. Obs.
1603Florio Montaigne (1634) 393 Some spice of that barbarisme [death by torture]. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xiv. (1632) 767 So exquisite a barbarisme, as Richards enfamishment. 1665Manley Grotius Low-C. Warrs 715 Ignominously tormented and murthered, which in the Salvages, was but ignorance; but in the Spaniards, perfect Barbarisme. |