| 释义 |
▪ I. roman, n.3 S. Afr.
Also roo(i)man.
[Afrikaans, f. rooi red + man man.]
1. A marine fish, Chrysoblephus laticeps, belonging to the family Sparidæ and having reddish skin. Also attrib.
1790E. Helme tr. Le Vaillant's Trav. Afr. I. ii. 22 Among those [fish] in greatest estimation, they distinguish the rooman, a red fish [etc.]. 1801[see steenbrass]. 1804R. Percival Acct. Cape of Good Hope 43 The most common is the Roman fish... It is of a deep rose colour and of the perch kind. 1893[see kingklip]. 1957S. Schoeman Strike! iii. 32 It is universally known as ‘roman’, although some anglers and fishermen call it ‘rooi roman’ (red roman). 1971Cape Argus 14 May 14 John Hughes shot a roman of 4,1 kg—which is equal to the South African spearfishing record.
2. A large nocturnal sun-spider belonging to the order Solifuga (or Solpuga) and having a sandy-coloured body.
1905F. Purcell in Flint & Gilchrist Sci. in S. Afr. III. iii. 178 The large nocturnal..species of Solpuga..are variously known by the name of Romans, Jagd-spinne⁓koppen (Hunting Spiders) or Haar-sheerders (Hair cutters). 1966E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo xiv. 233 On the farm we know..the nocturnal species [of spiders] as Rooimans or Red Men, and of these latter I can neither think nor speak except in capitals.
▪ II. ‖ roman, n.4|rɔmɑ̃|
[Fr.: see romaunt n. and a.]
A romance; a novel. Esp. in phrases: roman à clef, a novel in which actual persons are introduced under fictitious names; roman à thèse, a novel that seeks to further a viewpoint or expound a theory; roman d'aventure = romance n. 2; roman de geste = chanson de geste; roman expérimental, a realistic novel based upon deterministic theories of human nature of an alleged scientific character; also fig.; roman fleuve, a sequence of self-contained novels; roman noir, a Gothic novel, a shocker, a thriller; roman policier, a story of police detection.
1765[see romaunt n. and a. 1]. 1868Roman de geste [see chanson 2]. 1884W. James Will to Believe (1897) 173 Like the friends of M. Zola, we pique ourselves on our ‘scientific’ and ‘analytic’ character, and prefer to be cynical, and call the world a ‘roman expérimental’ on an infinite scale. 1889E. Dowson Let. 5 May (1967) 75 We..may..evolve a brilliant roman. 1893H. James Let. 23 Jan. in P. Gunn Vernon Lee (1964) x. 138 Her books of fiction are a tissue of personalities of this hideous roman-à-clef kind. 1905Roman d'aventure [see lai1]. 1913G. Turquet-Milnes Influence of Baudelaire v. v. 250 In his [sc. Arthur Machen's] works we again meet the distrust of nature from the documentary point of view—the distrust of ‘Romans à Clef’. 1928A. Christie Mystery of Blue Train x. 81, I see, Madame, that you have a roman policier. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Feb. 151/4 The ‘Radcliffian’ novel, or roman noir, as the French call it. Ibid. 31 Dec. 1054/4 The study aims at giving a detailed analysis of the German criticism of Zola's Rougon-Macquart cycle and his theory of the roman expérimental. 1934Webster, Roman à thèse. 1936Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Feb. 121/3 Those great romans-fleuves whose unnumbered volumes have no other purpose than to show us to ourselves as we appear. 1940H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood 5 They pass at last..into more or less honest fact telling, into ‘historical reconstruction’, the roman à clef, biography, history and autobiography. 1954K. Tillotson Novels of Eighteen-Forties i. 3 The roman à thèse is already establishing itself. 1955Times 4 Aug. 10/3 The Typewriter is not great Cocteau, but it is fine melodramatic fare and strangely compelling emotionally. It has wit and good dialogue, but this is essentially a tragedy set in the frame of a roman policier and the answer to the mystery remains unanswered and unguessable until the very last scene. 1957Encycl. Brit. I. 945/1 The inter⁓influence of French and English literature can be studied in the Breton romances and the romans d'aventure even better than in the epic poetry of the period. 1959Listener 3 Dec. 1007/3 The re-creation of the medieval roman..in The Story of Reynard. 1965Ibid. 27 May 799/1 David in Silence..is also in its way a roman à thèse. 1965Observer 5 Sept. 21/5 The film is a roman policier. 1966J. Carter in Glover & Greene Victorian Detective Fiction p. xiv, The early roman policier writers. 1971J. Pope-Hennessy A. Trollope xvii. 364 We might claim..that An Eye for an Eye initiated the series of Trollope's romans noirs. 1972V. Gielgud Black Sambo Affair xxvii. 208 A fine collection of romans policiers. 1974Bookseller 15 June 2696/3 He [sc. Anthony Powell] obviously feels reasonably protective towards the maestro of the roman fleuve. 1977New Yorker 24 Oct. 184/2 A roman à clef whose skeleton key would seem to be the unsavory case of Alice Crimmins and her two murdered children. 1978Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1405/5 Success takes him to Hollywood, and there you feel a roman à clef, based on Puzo's profitable frustrations in movieland, is intended. |