| 释义 |
prun- Chem.|pruːn|
[f. prunus.]
A formative element used in the names of several substances which occur in trees of the genus Prunus, as ˈprunase [-ase], an enzyme which hydrolyses β-glucosides (notably prunasin), liberating glucose, and occurs chiefly in bitter almonds and yeast, as well as in the fruit of several Prunus species; ˈprunasin [f. prec. + -in1], a crystalline substance found in a number of trees, notably the bird cherry, P. padus; the racemic form of a glucoside of the nitrile of mandelic acid, C6H5·CH(CN)·OC6H11O5; ˈprunetin [-etin], a colourless crystalline isoflavone derivative, C16H12O5, which is the monomethyl ether of prunetol and occurs combined as glycosides in the wood and bark of several trees; ˈprunetol [f. prec. + -ol] = genistein; ˈprunitrin [-trin prob. after dextrin], a colourless crystalline glucoside of prunetin.
The quotations follow in chronological order.
1910H. Finnemore in Pharmaceutical Jrnl. XXXI. 604/1 This aqueous solution was shaken with ether, which at once precipitated a nearly colourless, semi-crystalline product, consisting mainly of a new dihydric phenol, C16H12O5, to which the name prunetin is assigned. Ibid., Prunetin contains a single methoxy group, and when demethylated by boiling with hydriodic acid yields the corresponding trihydric phenol, prunetol, C15H10O5. Ibid., Further treatment of the aqueous solution yielded a colourless glucoside which when hydrolysed gave prunetin, and was obviously the mother substance of that phenol, and to which the name prunitrin is accordingly given. 1912H. E. Armstrong et al. in Proc. R. Soc. B. LXXXV. 360 It appears to be desirable to assign a distinct name in future to the enzyme in ‘emulsin’ by which the resolution of the simple cyanophoric glucoside is effected; as it occurs very generally in the various species of Prunus, we propose to term it Prunase; also it will be convenient to use the name Prunasin in speaking of the glucoside (d-mandelonitrile glucoside) which, hitherto, we have termed Fischer's glucoside. 1918Perkin & Everest Natural Org. Colouring Matters vii. 205 Prunetin,..colourless needles, melting-point 242°, dissolves in alkalis with a slight yellow colour. 1936W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. v. 106 The prunasin is now hydrolysed by means of prunase into glucose and mandelonitrile. 1940Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) IV. 283/1 This β-glucosidase is also called prunase and latterly, β-phenylglucosidase. 1956I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. vii. 244 The enzyme zymase hydrolyses amygdalin into one molecule of glucose and a glucoside of (+)-mandelonitrile (this compound is identical with prunasin, a naturally occurring glucoside). 1959N. Campbell in E. H. Rodd Chem. Carbon Compounds IVb. viii. 925 Genistein (prunetol), 5:7:4′-trihydroxyisoflavone, C15H10O5, colourless needles,..occurs along with luteolin in dyers broom. Ibid., Prunetin,..genistein 7-methyl ether,..is isolated from the bark of a wild cherry related to Prunus emarginata..and the commercial timber muninga (Pterocarpus angolensis). Ibid. 926 Prunitrin, prunetin 4′-glucoside..occurs in Prunus Serotina L. and is synthesised by methylating sophoricoside. 1976Nature 15 Apr. 604/1 The ecological success of bracken is partly..because of its ability to synthesise various secondary compounds which deter predators and phytopathogens. These compounds include the cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin, toxic because on enzymatic hydrolysis HCN is released. |