| 释义 |
proximal, a. (n.)|ˈprɒksɪməl|
[f. L. proxim-us nearest + -al1.]
A. adj.
1.
†a. Lying very near or close to something: in quot. fig. Obs.
b. Proximate, immediate. rare.
1727Philip Quarll 71 Qualifications so proximal and suitable to my Inclinations. 1828in Webster. 1884American VII. 233 The proximal cause of the glory.
2. a. Anat. Situated towards the centre of the body, or the point of origin or attachment of a limb, bone, or other structure: opp. to distal.
1803Barclay New Anat. Nomencl. 7 The first, second, and third, or what I would call the proximal, medial, and distal phalanxes. Ibid. 124 We may..denominate the end [of a limb] which is nearest to the trunk the Proximal end, and that which is farthest from it the Distal. 1877Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. 213 A third bone..articulates only with the carpal bones on the proximal and distal sides of it.
b. transf.
1882D. Hooper in Standard 10 Oct. 2/2 The drainage-pipes are..very imperfectly..connected at their proximal or house termination. 1886Pop. Sci. Monthly XXVIII. 650 A brace or bracket made out of an unhewed piece of timber, generally the proximal portion of some big branch.
c. Dentistry. Of, pertaining to, or being opposing surfaces of adjacent teeth in the same arch.
1908G. V. Black Work on Operative Dentistry II. 3 Cavities occurring in the proximal surfaces of the teeth are called proximal cavities. 1944S. Hemley Fund. Occlusion vi. 150 The teeth in the same arch in the adult dentition are normally in proximal contact with each other on both the mesial and the distal surfaces. 1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns, & Bridges iv. 35 The restoration covers the incisal edge of the tooth as well as the affected proximal surface. 1975G. T. Charbeneau Princ. & Pract. Operative Dentistry xi. 262/1 The annoyance of food impaction between such teeth with an open proximal contact will be the initial concern of the patient.
3. Psychol. Applied to the stimuli immediately responsible for a perception or sensation.
1935K. Koffka Princ. Gestalt Psychol. iii. 80 The table..can be called a stimulus for our perception of a table;..the excitations to which the light rays coming from the table give rise are called the stimuli for our perception. Let us call the first the distant stimulus, the second the proximal stimuli. 1955F. H. Allport Theories of Perception v. 147 The gestaltists point out the necessary differences between the proximal stimulus-pattern and the percept,..and attribute the ‘way things look’ to the organizing forces of the brain-field. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXV. 3 A relation between the various aspects of perception and the proximal and distal stimuli is clearly revealed in almost all experiments.
B. as n., ellipt. for proximal end or part.
1886in Cassell's Encycl. Dict.
Hence ˈproximally adv., in a proximal position; towards or near the proximal part or end.
1880Duncan in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. XV. 140 The second is partly hidden proximally, by the meeting of the side arm-plates. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 581 The colour change beginning at the tips and advancing proximally.
Add:[A.] [2.] d. Geol. Designating or characteristic of an area close to a sedimentation zone, volcanic vent, or other region of geological activity.
1949F. J. Pettijohn Sedimentary Rocks xiv. 444 The terms ‘proximal’, ‘axial’, or ‘distal’ also may be applied to the deposits according to their position in the trough of deposition. The proximal sediments are those coarse clastics nearest the source area. 1978Nature 20 July 242/1 The dominant rock in the psammitic formations is a very proximal thick-bedded lithic greywacke with thin silty or shaly partings. 1985Thorpe & Brown Field Descr. Igneous Rocks v. 55 The proximal zone (ca. 5–15 km from the central vent) has a higher proportion of lava flows, with a variety of pyroclastic flow deposits. |