| 释义 |
azo- Chem.|ˈæzəʊ-|
Short combining form of azote, nitrogen. Used to form the names of:
1. gen. Compounds containing nitrogen, as azoˈhumic, nitrogenized humic (acid); azoˈlitmin, the principal colouring matter of litmus; azoˈleic, an acid formed by treating oleic with nitric acid.
2. spec. Substitution compounds in which nitrogen takes the place of another element, as in the azoˈparaffins, formed from the paraffins by substitution of 1 atom of nitrogen for 3 of hydrogen: e.g. azo-methane = hydrogen cyanide, azo-ethane = methyl cyanide, azo-propane = ethyl cyanide, etc.
3. a. more particularly. Compounds derived from the aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain nitrogen combined in a peculiar way, constituting the azo- and diazo- compounds, or azo- derivatives, e.g. azobenzene, azotoluene; diazo-amidobenzene, diazo-bromide; whence adjectives as azobenˈzoic, etc.
1881Darwin Veg. Mould v. 242 Some of the acids, which were called long ago azohumic, are enabled to dissolve colloid silica in proportion to the nitrogen which they contain. 1863Watts Dict. Chem. III. 731 Azolitmin is a red-brown amorphous powder. 1880E. Cleminshaw Wurtz' Atom. The. 219 Those very remarkable organic combinations known as azo- and diazo-compounds. 1880Friswell in Soc. Arts Jrnl. 445 Known as the azo-yellows, oranges, and scarlets.
b. azo-colours, -dyes, a group of coal-tar colours or dyes.
1879Witt in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXV. 181 The variety of azo-colours in the market, and the number of patents..are constantly increasing. 1884Ibid. XLVI. 237 The preparation of azo-dyes from the trisulphonic acids of β-naphthol. 1894Gould Dict. Med., Azo-dyes, a well defined group of the coal-tar colors, all containing the diatomic group {b1}N {b2} N{b1}, bound on either side to a benzene radical. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 559/1 Azo colours which are developed..upon the fibre itself (usually cotton) by the successive application of their constituent elements. 1963R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking xii. 256 Azo colour pigments. Yellow, orange and red used in high-quality writings. |