| 释义 |
▪ I. awe, n.1|ɔː|
Forms: α. 1–2 eᵹe, æᵹe, 2 aȝeie, ȝeie, (heie), 2–3 æie, 2–4 eie, 3 eiȝe, eȝe, eȝȝe, æiȝe, (eaye, heye, heiȝe), 3–4 eye, 4 eighe, eyghe, ayghe, ay, aye. β. 3 aȝe, aȝhe, 3–4 au, auu, 4 auȝe, awȝe, agh, awee, (hage, owe), 5 aghe, 4–8 aw, 4– awe.
[The actual awe, in 13th c. aȝe, was a. ON. agi, acc. aga (Da. ave), representing an OTeut. *agon- wk. masc. (of which the OE. repr. would have been aga); but this was preceded in EE. by native forms descending from OE. ęᵹe, str. masc.,:—OTeut. *agiz str. neut., Goth. agis fear, taken as if it were a str. masc. agi-z. (Both f. ag-an to fear.) The ME. eye, (aye,) and awe, were thus in origin and derivation distinct though cognate words, but were practically treated as dialectal variants of the same word, of which aye was still used in s.w. c1400, while awe was in the n.e. c1250. The sense-development is common to both. They are therefore here taken together; the examples being separated into groups α(from OE. ęᵹe) and β(from ON. agi).]
I. As a subjective emotion.
†1. Immediate and active fear; terror, dread. Obs.
αc855O.E. Chron. an. 457 Þa Brettas..mid micle eᵹe fluᵹon. 1006Ibid. (Laud MS.) Þa wearð hit swa mycel æᵹe fram þam here. 1205Lay. 18924 Mid æie vnimete [1250 Mid heye onimete]. 1297R. Glouc. 507 More uor eye than vor loue. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 220 Of non þe had ay. c1330Arth. & Merl. 465 Gret ayghe and dout. Ibid. 6429 For sorwe and drede and eighe, Thai flowen euerich his weighe.
βa1300Cursor M. 8793 ‘Durst we for auu, Vr thoght gladli we wald þe scau.’ c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1870 Ne for luf ne awe er nane sparde. 1375Barbour Bruce xi. 555 Cum on, forouten dreid or aw. 1589–1657 [see 4 b]. 1784Cowper Task ii. 722 His voice Shook the delinquent with such fits of awe.
2. From its use in reference to the Divine Being this passes gradually into: Dread mingled with veneration, reverential or respectful fear; the attitude of a mind subdued to profound reverence in the presence of supreme authority, moral greatness or sublimity, or mysterious sacredness.
αc950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 8 Mið eᵹe & mið micle glædnise. c1175Lamb. Hom. 75 Habben heie of him ouer alle þing. 1297R. Glouc. 469 The child lovede him..Ne he nadde of no man: more love ne eye.
βa1300E.E. Psalter lxxxix. 30 If sones of him for-lete mi lagh, And in mi domes noghte haves gane with agh. 1380Wyclif Deadly Sins Sel. Wks. 1871 III. 167 Wiþ awȝe þenke, mon, hou þou hafs of God bothe powere and appetit. 1413–1535 [see 4 a]. 1671Milton P.R. i. 22 To his great Baptism flocked With aw the Regions round. 1742Collins Epist. 7 With conscious awe she hears the critick's fame. 1827Keble Chr. Year Matrim., There is an awe in mortals' joy, A deep mysterious fear.
3. The feeling of solemn and reverential wonder, tinged with latent fear, inspired by what is terribly sublime and majestic in nature, e.g. thunder, a storm at sea.
β1756Burke Subl. & B. iv. §7 (1808) 266 Astonishment, the subordinate degrees..are awe, reverence, and respect. 1833H. Martineau Cinnam. & Pearls iii. 43 She pointed with awe to a mighty object. 1851Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. iii. i. xiv. §26 It is possible to conceive of terribleness, without being in a position obnoxious to the danger of it, and so without fear; and the feeling arising from this contemplation of dreadfulness, ourselves being in safety, as of a stormy sea from the shore, is properly called awe.
4. phr.
a. to stand in awe of: to be greatly afraid of, to dread; later, to entertain a profound reverence for.
(This phrase has a remarkable grammatical development; its original type was ‘Awe stood to men’ (i.e. there was fear on men's part), or, with the object of fear expressed, ‘Awe of me stood to men,’ and ‘Awe of (rarely to, with) me stood men (dat.)’; this, ‘men’ being erron. taken as a nom. case, was inverted into ‘Men stood awe of me,’ and finally, to restore the logical sense destroyed by this misconception, ‘in’ was inserted, giving ‘Men stood in awe of me.’)
αc1000Ags. Ps. lxxvi. 12 Eorð-cynincᵹum se eᵹe standeð. c1175Lamb. Hom. 161 Mare eie stondeð men of monne þanne hom do of criste. 1205Lay. 11694 Him ne stod æie to naþing [1250 him ne stod eye of no þing]. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 8 He stode of him non eye. c1380Sir Ferumb. 408 Of C[harlis] þat ys ȝour Emperer? of whame men stondeð aye..þe soþe þou me saye.
βc1250Gen. & Ex. 432 Caym..wurð ut-laȝe, wið dead him stood hinke and aȝe. a1300Cursor M. 482 Fra ful hei he fell fullaw Þat of his lauerd wald stand nan aw. c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) Therof ne stod him non owe. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle v. xiv. 81 Of theyre lord and god to stande in awen. c1460Towneley Myst. 305, I stand great aghe to loke on that Justyce. 1535Coverdale Ps. cxix. 161 My herte stondeth in awe of thy wordes. a1600Scot. Poems 16th C. (1801) II. 170 Wee stand aw Of Gods hie magnificence. 1653Holcroft Procopius, The King..stands in aw of a Generall directing him. 1784Cowper Lett. 29 Feb. Wks. 1876, 161 We stand in awe of we know not what.
b. to hold or keep in awe (of): to restrain or control by fear (of).
α [c1000Ags. Ps. xciv. 10 Se þe eᵹe healdeþ eallum þeodum.]
βa1300Cursor M. 5518 Halds þam for-þi in au [v.r. agh, awee, awe]. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1860) 14 Yt were good to keepe such a Cur in awe. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. i. 238 Oh, that that earth, which kept the world in awe, Should patch a Wall. 1657J. Smith Mys. Rhet. 144 Nations kept in aw of his name.
II. As an objective fact.
5. Power to inspire fear or reverence; overawing influence. arch.
(Arising from the originally objective genitive, ‘his awe’ (= awe of him), taken as possessive.)
αc1000ælfric Gen. ix. 2 Beo eower eᵹe..ofer ealle nitenu. 1205Lay. 17965 Þu scalt habben þis lond, & þin æie beon muchel & strong.
βc1400Ywaine & Gaw. 2411, I sal deliver hir of his aw. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. i. 52 Shall Rome stand vnder one mans awe? 1679Dryden Troil. & Cr. Ep. Ded., You see, my Lord, what an Awe you have upon me. 1815Scott Ld. of Isles ii. xxv, Yet nought relax'd his brow of awe.
†6. Behaviour that inspires fear; anger, fierceness, rage. Obs.
α1205Lay. 1897 Al was heora gristbatinge, al swa wilde bares eȝe. Ibid. 9702 Hehten heom mucle eiȝe ut of his æh seone. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 37 Wrothfulle wordes of eye.
†7. Something which inspires fear; a cause of dread; a restraint. Obs. [ON. agi has also sense of ‘constraint.’]
αc825Vesp. Ps. xci. 5 Ne ondredes ðu ðe from eᵹe næhtlicum. 1205Lay. 2087 For swulchen eiȝe gode heo hefden muchele drede.
βa1300Cursor M. 1773 Þat sorwe to se was greet awe. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 333 Jhesu þorgh his myght, blissed mot he be, Reised him vp right, & passed þat hage. 1657in Burton's Diary (1828) II. 56 The Parliament may remove such persons. This will be an awe over them.
III. Comb. a. objective with pr. pple., as awe-awakening, awe-compelling, awe-inspiring. b. instrumental with pa. pple., as awe-filled, awe-bound, -struck.
1849Rock Ch. of Fathers I. ii. 90 The awe-awakening sound of some early Father's voice.
1757Gray Bard 117 Her awe-commanding face.
1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad II. xliii. 151 This awe-compelling miracle. 1889J. H. Skrine Mem. E. Thring xi. 275 The stern ‘Thou shalt’..of the law, in those awe-compelling tones. 1923J. W. Harvey tr. Otto's Idea of Holy xi. 85 ‘The mysterious’ itself in its dual character as awe-compelling yet all-attracting.
1860Pusey Min. Proph. 397 Reverential, awe-filled faith.
1814Wordsworth Excursion iv. 887 The simple Shepherd's awe-inspiring God. 1819Shelley Cenci i. ii. 84 Her awe-inspiring gaze.
▪ II. awe, n.2
Forms: 6 alve, 7 aue, 9 ave, 6– awe, aw.
[Etym. and original form unknown: ave (ɛɪv) and aw, awe |ɔː|, now used in Sc., point to an earlier |ɑːv|. The F. aube is said by Littré to mean ‘white wood,’ from the material of which the aubes are made.]
One of the float-boards of an undershot water-wheel, on which the water acts.
1503MS. Reg. Test. Ebor. VI. 83 Lez cogges, spyndyll, awes [of Butterwich Mill]. 1532MS. Reg. Leases Dean & Ch. York I. 53 Cogges, spendeles, and alves [of Otley Mill]. 1611Cotgr., Aubes, the short boordes which are set into th' outside of a water-mills wheele; we call them ladles, or aue-boords. c1795Unst in Shetland Statist. Acc. V. 191 (Jam.) The water falls upon the awes, or feathers of the tirl, at an inclination of between 40 and 45 degrees. 1884Rev. W. Gregor (in letter), Start-and-ave wheel, that is a wheel on the boards or aves of which the water struck, in opposition to ‘bucket-wheel.’ 1884J. Melrose (in letter), The start is the piece of timber morticed into the rings, to which the awe is fastened.
▪ III. awe, v.|ɔː|
Also 4 agh.
[f. prec. n.; OE. had éᵹan (= Goth. *ógjan) in comp. onéᵹan; and mod.Icel. has aga to ‘chastise’: cf. awe n.1 7.]
1. To inspire with dread, strike fear into, terrify, daunt; to control, constrain, or restrain, by the influence of fear. (At first impers.)
1303Brunne Handl. Synne 10283 Lytyl of Goddes veniaunce hym aweth. c1340Cursor M. (Fairf.) 12096 Ȝe loue na landis lagh quen ȝe ȝour childe wille noȝt agh. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 142 They..awe their seruants to worke. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. iii. 250 Shall quips, and sentences..awe a man from the careere of his humour. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4372/1 Two English Men of War..who may..awe the Privateers of Barbary. 1876Green Short Hist. viii. §10 (1882) 586 The gloomy silence of their ranks awed even the careless King with a sense of danger.
†b. said of a strategical position (cf. overawe).
1670Cotton Espernon i. iii. 128 This Town..absolutely commands the River of Dordongne, as it also at least awes that of Garonne. 1809J. Barlow Columb. vii. 570 Two British forts the growing siege outflank, Rake its wide works and awe the tide-beat bank.
2. To influence, control, or restrain, by profound respect or reverential fear.
1611Bible Prov. xvii. 10 marg., A reproofe aweth..a wise man. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xxix. 302 Their presence aweth us from Liberty of Sinning. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xlv. 711 He was not awed by the sanctity of the place. 1835Macready Remin. I. 464 Milton elevates, thrills, awes, and delights me.
3. To inspire with reverential wonder combined with an element of latent fear.
1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty vi. 29 The wide ocean awes us with its vast contents. 1872Jenkinson Eng. Lakes 205 The traveller is awed by the frowning mass of Great End.
†4. To reverence. Obs. rare.
1632Bp. M. Smyth Serm. 166 So they deserue to be vsed that..will not reuerence and awe the King.
▪ IV. awe
obs. form of owe and ought. |