| 释义 |
▪ I. away, adv.|əˈweɪ|
Forms: 1 onweᵹ, 1–2 aweᵹ, 2 aweiᵹ, 2–5 awei, awey, awai, (3 awæi, Orm. aweȝȝ), 4 owai (ewai), o wey, on-wai, on way, (a-vey, avay), aweie, aweye, 4–5 oway, 4–6 awaye, 6 awaie, 4– away. Sc. 8–9 awa.
[In its origin a phrase, on prep., and weᵹ, way, i.e. on (his, one's) way, ‘on’ (as in ‘move on’), and thus ‘from this (or that) place.’ Already in OE. reduced to a-weᵹ: cf. a prep.1: the 14th and 15th c. forms in o-, on-, were northern; in ME. and mod. dialects reduced to 'way (York Plays, do way = put away, Sc. co'way, c'way = come away), also in certain combinations, as way-going. So MHG. enwëc (for in wëc), mod.HG. dial. ewéck, mod.G. weg. In earlier Eng. used as a separable verbal prefix, standing before the vb., esp. in subordinate sentences, and compound tenses (as in G.), e.g. Sone se ich hit awei warp, soon as I threw it away: he wes awæi ifloȝen, he had flown away; still placed emphatically before the subject as ‘away he went,’ ‘away went hat and wig.’]
I. Of motion in place, removal.
1. On (his or one's) way; onward, on, along. Hence used also with come, as still in north. Eng. and Sc., where ‘Come away’ = ‘come along, come on,’ without reference to place left.
Beowulf 534 ær he on weᵹ hwurfe. 921O.E. Chron. (Earle 106) Þa forleton hie þa burᵹ and foron aweᵹ. c1250Gen. & Ex. 810 Abram..ferde a-wei to mambre dale. a1300Cursor M. 8067 Wit þe king he ferd on-wai. c1500Rel. Ant. I. 45 The plowman cryed, Sirs, come awaye. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iv. 55 Come away, come away death, And in sad cypresse let me be laide.
2. a. From this (or that) place, to a distance.
Beowulf 4199 He onweᵹ losade. 918O.E. Chron., Hira feawa on weᵹ comon. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xix. 22 Þa eode he aweᵹ unrót [Rushw. awæᵹ, Hatton aweiᵹ]. c1175Lamb. Hom. 21 Bute he hine driue a-wei. a1300Cursor M. 11262 Þir angels wited þam ewai. c1384Chaucer H. Fame 169 And bare hym on his bakke a way [v.r. awey]. 1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 156 The duk fled oway. 1526Tindale John xvi. 7 That I goo a waye. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. i. ii. 16 Get thee away. 1699Dryden Char. Gd. Parson 74 And hungry sent the wily fox away. 1711Steele Spect. No. 136 ⁋2 My Imagination runs away with me. 1854Thackeray Newcomes xxiv. I. 224 They sail away each on his course. 1884Pall Mall G. 9 Aug. 9/1 The bride's going-away dress.
b. emphatically.
1583Babington Commandm. (1590) 177 Making them ride and run, post and away. 1782Cowper Gilpin xxv, Away went Gilpin, neck or nought; Away went hat and wig. 1821Keats Isabel lx, Away they went.
3. From actual adherence, contact, or inclusion; off, aside; fig. as in to fall away, to desert.
c1160Hatton Gosp. Matt. xviii. 8 Awurp hine aweiᵹ fram þe. c1220Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 189 Waschen a-wai alle folkes fulþe. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 393 He with his tayl awey the flye smyteth. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 41 Scrape and dygge a way a lytyl the mosse. 1577St. Aug. Manuell 18 To lay away the burden of fleshly desires. a1711Ken Poet. Wks. I. 361 His mournful Tears he clear'd away. 1873Longfellow Eliz. 29 in Aftermath 51 She folded her work, and laid it away.
4. From or out of one's personal possession, with sense of parting with, deprivation, loss; e.g. with put, give, take, throw, etc.
c1400Apol. Loll. 110 Þei tak a vey all þingis fro alle men. 1611Bible Gen. xxvii. 36 Hee tooke away my birthright. 1653Walton Angler 56 It shall be given away to some poor body. 1712Addison Spect. No. 549 ⁋3 Life..is thrown away when it is not some way useful to others. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugg. i. vi. 93 This is not an air to take away one's appetite. 1873Longfellow Emma & Eginh. 179 This passing traveller, who hath stolen away The brightest jewel of my crown to-day. Mod. Who gave the bride away?
5. From the actual state or condition; from existence; into extinction or termination (in most cases gradual); to death, to an end, to nothing.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3769 Parchaunce þai er ille within, And passes away in dedely syn. c1384Chaucer H. Fame 1149 They were molte awey with hete. 1526Tindale Luke ix. 12 The daye beganne to weare awaye. 1611Bible Job xiv. 10 Man dieth, and wasteth away. Ibid. xxxiii. 21 His flesh is consumed away. 1641French Distill. ii. (1651) 60 Let that..be vapoured away to the thicknesse of honey. 1714Addison Spect. No. 565 ⁋1 They faded away. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxvii, Their zeal..died gradually away. 1864Longfellow Falc. Federigo 114 The petted boy grew ill, and day by day Pined with mysterious malady away.
6. From its natural use with certain verbs in the preceding senses, away is extended to other transitive verbs, to express a specific application of the action to
a. removal, parting with (cf. blow away, kiss away, boon away),
b. doing away with, elimination (cf. boil away, refine away, analyse away, explain away); and finally also with similar force to
c. intransitive verbs, which are thereby rendered transitive, as ‘to sigh away one's life,’ ‘to idle away one's time,’ ‘to sleep the day away.’ There are verbs which are scarcely or not at all used without it, as ‘to while the time away,’ ‘to fool one's money away’ (to part with it like a fool).
a.c1661Argyle's Last Will in Harl. Misc. (1746) VIII. 27/1 What was got by Oppression, will be booned away by the King's Liberality. 1711Steele Spect. No. 138 ⁋3 Which can play away its Words. 1881Blackmore Christowell xxxviii, He..kissed away the tears.
b.1738Johnson London 53 Explain their country's dearbought rights away. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 75 To split hairs and to distinguish away the Christian Duties. 1751Jortin Serm. (1771) VI. vii. 140 To purify their religion, till they refined it away. 1812L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Dec. 785/2 To explain away some of the passages. 1865Mill Utilit. 46 This..might be analysed away.
c.1689Sherlock Death iii. §7 (1731) 210 These Men have loitered away the Day. 1712Spect. No. 527 ⁋2 We had whiled away three hours after this manner. 1767Wesley Jrnl. 27 July (1827) III. 284 Having a severe cold, I was in hopes of riding it away. Ibid. 31 Oct. 14/3 They had falsely sworn away the lives of their fellows. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. l. Let..the loitering pilgrim..gaze..the morn..away. 1864Longfellow Falc. Federigo 90 The lovely lady whiled the hours away.
¶ Being used with verbs generally, like the L. prefix ab-, Gr. ἀπο-, G. weg-, ab-, hin-, F. en-, (cf. aufugĕre to flee away, ἀποτιθέναι to put away, wegnehmen, abnehmen, to take away, s'en aller to go away, enlever to take away), away enters into many idiomatic phrases, e.g. to do away (with), make away, give away (now give way), fall away, etc., which will be found under the verbs in question.
II. Of action. [Immediately from sense 1.]
7. Onward in time, on, continuously, constantly; with idea of continuance of action and progress; e.g. to work away = to go on working.
1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 90, I with ale, and ale with me wag away. 1570R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 29 As you perceiue your scholer to goe better and better on awaie. 1737M. Green Spleen, While Pan melodious pipes away. 1804Naval Chron. XII Sailors have a knack, ‘Haul away! yo ho, boys!’ 1821Scott Kenilw. xxxiii, ‘Scream away if you like it.’ c1826R. Macnish Barber of Gött. in Mod. Pythag. (1838) II. 101 ‘Brush away, my old boy—nothing like it.’ 1833H. Martineau Brooke F. ix. 112 The young folks tripped it away on the grass. 1855Thackeray Rose & Ring v. (1866) 23 She capered away on her one shoe. Ibid. xiv. 89 He sat down and worked away, very, very hard. 1875Helps Anim. & Mast. v. 132 And kept ‘pegging away,’ to use a presidential expression, with all my might.
8. Straightway, forthwith, directly, without hesitation or delay; chiefly colloquial in imperative sentences, as Fire away! = proceed at once to fire, begin immediately, Say away = say on, and U.S. and Eng. colloq. right away = straightway, directly.
1535Coverdale John xvi. 12, I haue yet moch to saye vnto you, but ye can not beare it awaye. 1676Shadwell Virtuoso ii. Wks. 1720 I. 332 Come..pull away. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes ii. 14 ‘Dinner, if you please,’ said I to the waiter..‘Right away?’ said the waiter..I saw now that ‘Right away’ and ‘Directly’ were one and the same thing. 1883Pall Mall G. 27 Sept. 10 She told him ‘to report away,’ that she was not afraid.
III. Of position. [From senses 2–5.]
9. Of direction: (Turned) from this (or that) direction; in the other direction.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 53 Hi beoð iturnid away from heom. c1383Wyclif Wks. (1880) 8 Þat turneþ a wey his eris. c1440Apol. Loll. 68 Turniþ away ȝour facis fro al ȝour folthis. 1712Steele Spect. No. 514 ⁋3, I turned away from this despicable troop with disdain. 1879Lockyer Elem. Astron. iii. xii. 72 The axis of rotation is inclined away from the Sun.
10. Appended to where, there, here, with sense of: In the direction of, about; e.g. there away = in that quarter, there about. (Now only dial.)
1564Brief Exam. iij b, The Gentiles there away had their..common bankettes. 1641Hinde J. Bruen xlvii. 152 The Witch will not looke one in the face, but shee will looke here a way and there a way. 1755Guthrie's Trial 210 (Jam.) Confirming the same by many mighty works in scripture tending there away. 1815Scott Guy M. i, The three miles..extended themselves into ‘four miles or there awa.’ Mod. Sc. Where away did you lose it? He lives here-away.
11. a. Of the position attained by removal in place: In another place; at a distance; at (a stated) distance, off. spec. In reference to games or matches played away from the home ground. Hence as adj.; also as quasi-n., a win away from home.
1712Spect. No. 502 ⁋5, I shall not be able to stay away. c1835C. H. Bateman Hymn, There is a happy land Far, far away! 1850Sears Athan. vi. 53 They can see the city away through the hot and stifling air. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. i. (1878) 14 Away in the distance..glittered a weathercock. 1881Blackmore Christowell xxxix, His home was some miles away. 1893Abingdon Sch. Football Club Fixture Card, Oct. 18. St. John's School. Away. 1907Daily Chron. 14 Jan. 9/1 Thirteen drawn games and three away wins. 1923Daily Mail 11 Jan. 9 West Ham have played so well in recent away games. 1939M. Dickens One Pair of Hands iii. 40. He was a pools maniac... ‘When I won shixteen poundsh by a lucky shot with me four awaysh’ was an anecdote I never got tired of hearing. 1962P. Van Greenaway Crucified City x. 107 Men dreamed opium dreams spun out of eight draws or four aways. 1968Sunday Express 3 Mar. 31/4 No claims are wanted on the Eight Aways Treble Chance.
b. Used with intensive force, chiefly with advs., as away back, away down, away up, etc., = far. orig. and chiefly U.S. Cf. way adv. 2 b.
1818J. Palmer Jrnl. Trav. U.S. 130 Perhaps away up in Canada. 1825Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 145 A..he-yankee, from ‘away down east’. Ibid. II. 78 The family were in a bustle, with some news about a rising ‘away up, in the back settlements’. 1882Sweet & Knox Texas Siftings 45 Lawler..shot a deer, away back in 1840, on the spot where the capitol now stands. 1895G. H. Haswell Maister i. 35 The ‘Kelers’ of Tynemouth were a recognised class away back in the days of the early charters. 1903Sun (N.Y.) 26 Nov. 5 Turkeys are away up in price. 1906N.Y. Even. Post 28 Apr., Manufacturers of all good cars are away behind in their deliveries. 1910W. M. Raine B. O'Connor 217 That..pony in front belongs to sheriff Forbes, or I'm away wrong. 1935Punch 25 Sept. 342/3, I can remember your father away back in eighty-five, long before you were born. 1958Times Rev. Industry Aug. 85/1 Large towns like Liverpool..are away down in the list [of bankruptcies].
12. Of the state or condition resulting from removal: Gone (from a place); absent; wanting.
c1300Cursor M. 9702 What is wisdome be pees awaye? c1350Will. Palerne 2095 And turned agein..and told he was a-weie. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 336 The Rokkes been aweye. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 53 Three maie kepe counsayle, if two be away. 1647Cowley Mistr., Spring ii, How could it be so fair and you away? 1816Scott Antiq. xxvii, He was like a man awa frae himsell. a1885Mod. I called at his office, but found him away.
13. Of the condition resulting from deprivation, loss, or extinction: Gone (from existence); vanished, destroyed, consumed; dead; fainted. (Now chiefly dial.)
c1380Sir Ferumb. 2504 Our bred, our wyn ys al away. c1430Lydg. Bochas iv. ii. (1554) 102 A blase of fire, now bright, and now away. 1535Coverdale Jer. xxxi. 15 Rachel mournynge for hir children, and wolde not be comforted, because they were awaye. 1787Burns Wks. III. 119 Your mortal Fae is now awa',—Tam Samson's dead! 1818Edin. Mag. Dec. 503 (Jam.) My dochter was lang awa [= in a swoon], but whan she cam again, she tauld us, etc. Mod. Here's a health to them that's awa'.
IV. Elliptical uses, with a verb suppressed: simulating an imperative or (rarely) infinitive.
14. = Go away.
c1250Meid. Margr. xxxvi, Awei ye euele consilers. 1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 367 Otherwayis mycht thai nocht avay. 1393Gower Conf., Away the tyranny! 1562Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 91 Whither awaie with my hens, foxe? 15942nd Pt. Contention (1843) 177, I will a⁓waie to Barnet presently. 1611Bible Ex. xix. 24 Away, get thee downe. 1623Bingham Xenophon 28 We must..away euery man to his lodging. 1762–9Falconer Shipwr. ii. 907 Away there! lower the mizen-yard on deck. 1872W. Butler Gt. Lone Land iii. 25 Meantime we must away.
15. = Go or get away with, take away.
1526Tindale Matt. xix. 15 Awaye with him, awaye with him, crucify him. [Wyclif, Take awey, take awey.] 1549Latimer Serm. bef. Edw. VI, vii. (Arb.) 193 Awaye with these auowryes. 1577Test. of XII Patr. 122 My children, away with hatred out of your hearts. 1583Babington Commandm. (1590) 81 Yea, wee would..bid away with it, and not abide the sight of it. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. 191 In his honest indignation he would reply, ‘Away with it!’
16. a. = Get on or along with, put up with; tolerate, endure, bear.
1477Sir J. Paston in Lett. 802 II. 199 My charges be gretter than I maye a weye with. 1526Tindale Matt. xix. 11 All men can not awaye with that saynge. 1530Palsgr. 419/1, I agre with meate or drinke. I can away with it. 1577Holinshed Chron. II. 45 He..could well awaie with bodilie labour. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Justine 85 b, They might enure themselues..to away with hardnesse and sparing. 1621Sanderson Serm. Ad. Cl. ii. (1674) 24 He being the Father of lyes..cannot away with the Truth. 1642Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 98 Some..can with greater patience away with death. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) IV. 183 That saucy fleer I cannot away with. 1840Carlyle Heroes (1858) 275 Idolatry..is a thing they cannot away-with. 1869M. Arnold Cult. & An. (1882) 42 Jacobinism..cannot away with the inexhaustible indulgence proper to culture, the consideration of circumstances, etc.
†b. with inf. Obs.
1580North Plutarch (1676) 183 Notwithstanding the People..could well away to live like Subjects. 1598R. Bernard Terence' Andr. i. ii, Men that be in loue, can ill away to haue wiues appointed them by others.
17. and away (= and going away again), denoting discontinuance, in once and away (now, once in a way) = once, but not continuously.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. i. 3 Not..for once and away, but wee haue our eares beaten with it euery day. Ibid. xvi. 96 It is not for a pang and away. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. (1669) 125/1 Short hints and away, may please a Scholar.
V. Comb. Formerly in many separable compound verbs, as away-bear, away-draw, away-go, away-put, away-take, away-warp. Of these the ppl. adjs. and vbl. substantives were retained longest, and some, as away-going, are still in use.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John iv. 50 Gelefde ðe monn, & aue⁓ᵹeade. 1297R. Glouc. 398 Þys Cristynmen..gred preye Awey bere. a1300E.E. Psalter lxxxviii. 14 Whar-to, Laverd, awai-puttes þou bede mine? 1588A. King Canisius' Catech. I j, Pairtly be ye away taking of thre dayes in 400 ȝeres. 1865Macm. Mag. July 275 Away-stretching leagues of brick and mortar. Mod. The away-going crop.
¶ Formerly sometimes used in error for way.
1600Hakluyt Voyages (1810) III. 481 ‘We set sayle, but made but little away all the day.’ 1755Smollett Quix. (1803) II. 193 On these considerations Sancho arose, and went aside a good away to another tree.
▸ away goal n. (in team sports, esp. Association Football) a goal scored by a team while playing at the opposition's ground, esp. in the context of awarding a knockout tie drawn over two legs to the team with most such goals; freq. in away-goals rule.
1966Times 17 Mar. 4/6 Within a trice West Ham had equalized, and that was as good as two goals, because in this competition *away goals count extra. 1973P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 176/1 Both legs were drawn but Leeds came out on top on the away-goals rule, having twice come from behind to equalize in Turin. 1989Guardian (Nexis) 13 Sept. Rangers went out..in the third round of the UEFA Cup on away goals after two draws, 1-1 and 0-0. 1998Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 July 13 Kilmallie are odds on to make the step up to shinty's highest grade and..[they] have four away goals in the bank that they could find very handy if the tie is even at the end of 90 minutes.
▪ II. away(e, -ment
north. var. of avay, -ment. |