| 释义 |
▪ I. rivet, n.1|ˈrɪvɪt|
Forms: 5 ryvette, 6 ryuet(te, ryvet(t; 6–7 riuet, 6 -ett, rivette, 6– rivet; 5–6 revette, 6 -ett, reyvett, 6, 8 revet.
[a. OF. rivet, f. river to fix, clinch, of uncertain origin.]
1. a. A short nail or bolt for fastening together metal plates or the like, the headless end of which is beaten out after insertion.
[The following quot. is doubtful, but cf. the OF. pl. rives. ? a 1400 Morte Arthur 1764 That alle þe rowte ryngez, Of ryues and raunke stele, and ryche golde maylez.]
14..Lat. Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 573 Cnusticium, quedam pars sotularis, a Ryvette. c1440York Myst. viii. 109 It sall be cleyngked euer-ilka dele With nayles... Take here a revette, and þere a rewe. 1511Nottingham Rec. III. 332 Neyles and revettes to ye boote. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. Prol. 13 The Armourers accomplishing the Knights, With busie Hammers closing Riuets vp. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. vii. 73 Let the Index be fastned to the Center with a Brass Rivet. 1781Cowper Conversat. 64 They fix attention..With oaths, like rivets, forc'd into the brain. 1819Shelley Cyclops 391 He flung one against the brazen rivets Of the huge caldron. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. Pref., Bars and rivets instead of mortar for securing stones. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xvii. 400 The rivet is to be capable of bending hot without fracture.
b. fig. or in fig. contexts.
1672Wycherley Love in a Wood i. i, You are the rivet of sanctified love. 1693Dryden Persius i. 127 The Verse in fashion, is..So smooth and equal, that no sight can find The Rivet, where the polish'd Piece was join'd. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 534 This carries friendship to her noontide point, And gives the rivet of eternity. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. lxiv. (1865) VIII. 90 The lack of religious and moral principle..loosened the rivets of Pagan society.
†c. = almain-rivets. Obs.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 25 Ouer his riuet he had a garment of white cloth of gold with a redde crosse. 1577Eden & Willes Hist. Trav. 300 Theyr horsemen are armed with pykes, Ryuettes, Mases of yron, and arrowes.
d. A burr or clinch upon a nail. rare.
1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 88 Made of thin plates nailed together, and strong square rivets upon the nail heads. 1753Chambers Cycl. Suppl., Rivet, in the manege, is the extremity of the nail that rests or leans upon the horn when you shoe a horse.
e. pl. Money, coins. slang.
1846Swell's Night Guide 130/1 Rivets, money. 1848Sinks of London laid Open 121 Rivits, money. 1937‘J. Curtis’ You're in Racket xviii. 190 ‘So you got a bit of rivets to speculate?’ ‘I ain't said so. All I said as I could put up a bit.’
2. attrib. and Comb., as rivet bar, rivet-bolt, rivet-head, rivet hearth, rivet-hole, rivet-hoop, rivet iron, rivet machine(ry, rivet-shank, rivet tail, etc.; rivet gun, a hand-held tool for inserting rivets.
1890D. K. Clark Steam Engine I. 657 The diameter of the 5/8-inch *rivet-bars was reduced to ·03 inch.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 314 The *rivet-bolts are inserted and riveted down in the red-hot state.
1950Nat. Geogr. Mag. Sept. 297 (caption) Chattering *rivet guns attach the door to a barrel section of a Constellation.
1840Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. III. 351/1 Not a single rivet started nor a *rivet-head flown off.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 597 The riveters also work in squads,..with sometimes a catcher, i.e., a boy to pass on the heated rivets when the distance from the *rivet-hearth is great.
1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. xiii. (ed. 3) 121 Tools, by which the expense of punching the *rivet-holes of each tank was reduced.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 169 They binde it..with a joynted hoop of Iron, which they call a *Rivet-hoop.
1861Fairbairn Iron 204 Staffordshire bridge plates,..for *rivet iron, bearing a strain of 24 tons before breaking.
1841Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. IV. Index, Stocker's *Rivet Machine.
Ibid. 56/1 Nail, Pin, and *Rivet Machinery.
1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xvii. 328 The dies by which the *rivet-shank is held.
1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVI. 690/2 On long-term creep tests at operating temperatures, it was found that the rivet heads and tails cracked.
▪ II. rivet, n.2|ˈrɪvɪt|
[Of obscure origin.]
Bearded or cone wheat. Also in pl. form rivets.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 49 White wheat or else red, red riuet or whight, far passeth all other, for land that is light. 1762Phil. Trans. LII. 530 This family have been used to buy two bushels of clog-wheat, or rivets, or bearded-wheat, (as it is variously called in this county) every fortnight. 1799Monthly Rev. XXX. 182 Bearded wheat is called in some counties Cone wheat, in others Rivets, and in Nottinghamshire it is called Yeogrove. 1813Batchelor Agric. 362 (E.D.D.), Cone wheat, or rivets, is very little used. 1852Lawson Veg. Prod. Scot. i. No. 146 Common Rivet. Ear smaller and less compact than that of the Cone Rivet.
b. Used attrib. with wheat.
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 126 There are several sorts of Wheat, as red Straw-wheat, Rivet-Wheat. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 540 There are two sorts of rivet wheat, the white and brown. 1886Britten & Holland Plant Names 403 Rivet-Wheat is a well-known variety.
▪ III. † ˈrivet, n.3 Obs. rare.
Also 6 ryvet.
[Of obscure origin.]
The liver of a fish.
1530Palsgr. 722 Slyt this pykes belly and take out this ryvet [F. sa gresse]. 1736Bailey Household Dict. 355 Cut the rivet or liver of the pike small and chop some oisters. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. ii. 128 Your Milts, Spawn and Rivets, must be laid on the Top.
▪ IV. rivet, v.|ˈrɪvɪt|
Also 5 reuet(t, 5–7 revet, 7 reuit; 6 ryvet, 6–7 riuet, 7 rivit.
[f. rivet n.1 Cf. mod.F. riveter.]
1. trans. To secure (a nail or bolt) by hammering or beating out the projecting end of the shank into a head or knob; to clinch. Also with down.
c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 87 With a grete hamour of stele The nales he reueted wele. 1530Palsgr. 690/1, I revet a nayle, je riue. Ryvet this nayle and than it wyll holde faste. 1611Cotgr., River, to riuet or clench; to fasten or turne backe the point of a nayle. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. ii. 24 When you rivet a Pin into a Hole. 1683― Printing xi. ⁋19 This small Shank is fitted into a small Hole made near the end of the Plate, and Revetted on the other side. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), River un clou, to rivet a nail. 1834–6Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 299/1 Pins are sometimes inserted.., being also rivetted at each end. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1506/1 Rose-clinch nail;..either clinched or riveted down on a washer or rove.
2. To secure or fasten with or as with rivets. Also with down, in, together.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. cxvii. (1869) 61 With the nailes with whiche was nayled the sone of the smith..the mailes weren enclowed and rivetted. 1485[see riveting 1.] 1530Palsgr. 692/2, I ryvet peces of yron togyther. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 84 A braynsick prophetesse..whom dungeon holdeth In ground deepe riueted. 1603Drayton Bar. Wars ii. xx, Their Greaues, and pouldrons others riuet fast. 1663Gerbier Counsel 96 Nor do provident builders rivet locks only at the one side. 1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 305 The plates..[are] rivetted down through the bottom and top-sides of the frame. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. vii, Warriors, who, arming for the fight, Rivet and clasp their harness light. 1834–6Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 298/2 The next process..is to have the coaks rivetted in. 1893Archaeologia LIII. 559 The statue had been broken in ancient times and afterwards carefully riveted together again.
fig.a1631Donne Select. (1840) 86 Sin entrenched and barricadoed in sin, sin screwed up, and rivetted with sin. 1654tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 132 They are bonds and chains of their absolute obedience, riveted by their tongues. 1796Morse Amer. Geogr. II. 606 The Turks have rivetted the chains of barbarous ignorance which they imposed. 1837Lockhart Scott IV. xi. 346 [It] served to rivet the bonds of affection and confidence, which were to the end maintained between him and them. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. 332 A war for no object but to rivet the yoke of outlandish men about their necks.
b. Const. to, into, or in something. Also fig.
1650Fuller Pisgah iv. iii. 51 Who violently brake off their ear-rings, even such as were riveted in their skin with long wearing. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv. xvi. 200 A Libal or Index to be rivetted to the Center. 1713Addison Cato ii. v, I've seen you..stooping from your Horse Rivet the panting savage to the ground. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 203 A plate of iron..riveted fast into it by bolts. 1802Playfair Huttonian Theory 334 The mountain of Goatfield which I have mentioned above as..rivetted..to the superincumbent rock. 1833Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound 61 Seize him,..Rivet him to the rock.
c. Const. on or upon.
1679Moxon Mech. Exerc. ix. 161 Instead of Nailing the Hindges upon the Door, they Rivet them on, for more strength. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 39 A Coronal Arch, on whose Vertex a Globe is rivited by an Iron Wedge. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) V. 69/1 By means of the fork..rivetted on the palettes.
d. nonce-use. To marry, join in wedlock.
1700Congreve Way of the World i. i, We drove round to Duke's Place; and there they were rivetted in a trice.
3. transf. To fix, fasten, or secure firmly.
1629Wotton in Reliq. (1672) 568 It is none of the least ends of my going to rivet that business. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 36 All her Excesses and Errors were further rivited and confirmed. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 658 The ideas of precausation and fatality..are so strongly rivetted together in men's minds. 1788F. Burney Diary June, I am wholly ignorant in what manner..his first attachment may have riveted his affections. 1839Hallam Hist. Lit. iv. iii. §103 It is evident that until objects are truly classified, a representative method of signs can only rivet and perpetuate error. 1861Mill Utilit. 46 He never conceives himself otherwise than as a member of a body; and this association is riveted more and more.
b. Const. to or into something.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. v. i. 169 A thing stucke on with oathes vpon your finger, And so riueted with faith vnto your flesh. 1611― Cymb. ii. ii. 46 Why should I write this downe, that's riueted, Screw'd to my memorie. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. 107 He riveted the Archbishoprick into the City of Canterbury. 1727Gay Begg. Op. i. xiii, My hand, my heart,..is so riveted to thine that I cannot unloose my hold. 1792J. Almon Anecd. Pitt I. x. 203 Great Britain was..every day more closely rivetted to the continent by fresh engagements. 1817Scott Rob Roy xxxviii, Astonishment actually riveted my tongue to the roof of my mouth. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre ii, My seat, to which Bessie and the bitter Miss Abbot had left me riveted, was a low ottoman.
c. Const. in a practice, the mind, etc.
1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 12 Thou reuitest thy selfe in thy sinne, and wilt not be reclaimed. 1667Waterhouse Fire Lond. 11 It is riveted in the corrupt nature of man to revenge injuries. 1709Berkeley Th. Vision §51 The prejudice is confirmed and riveted in our thoughts by a long tract of time. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. II. xl. 402 A prince who..appeared not to be rivetted in any dangerous animosities. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. i. x. (1866) 179 Things become riveted in the memory. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 211 Riveting him in the practice of polygamy.
d. Const. on or upon.
1829Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 162 Bribery attracts men's decision from the right; persecution rivets it upon the wrong. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. vii. 139 The affections of Henrietta were riveted on those of her royal husband. 1870Howson Metaph. St. Paul 122 The lesson is riveted for ever on the church.
4. To fix intently (the eye or the mind); to command or engross (the attention).
1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 90 Giue him needfull note, For I mine eyes will riuet to his Face. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vii. (1626) 129 Her eger eyes she riuets on his face. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 144 While his attention was thus rivetted. 1791Cowper Odyss. xxiii. 107 She rivetted her eyes on his. 1821Scott Pirate xxxi, The attention..of Bunce..was riveted to the armed sloop. 1852M. Arnold The Future 6 He..Rivets his gaze on the banks of the stream. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 198 That march riveted the attention of the world.
b. To engross the attention of (a person).
1762Falconer Shipwr. iii. (1819) 23 In dire amazement rivetted they stand. 1861Stanley East. Ch. xii. (1869) 381 We are riveted by this strange apparition in foreign lands. 1883Pattison Mem. (1885) 33, I..was riveted by the book.
Hence ˈriveting ppl. a.
1677W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. iii. 54 A clinching, riveting Argument, I trow! 1854Rambler Feb. 198 Riveting as were these narratives when we first read them..those who now read them for the first time are generally disappointed. 1899Dict. Nat. Biog. LVII. 178/1 His brilliant, original, riveting, but most censorious conversation. 1967N. Marsh Death at Dolphin v. 129 Her smart friends..said things like: ‘Absolutely riveting’ and ‘Loved your play’. 1975Evening Standard 24 June 20/1 Landladies..are far more genned up on local history and things to do (plus some riveting gossip) than the managers of more impressive emporia. 1979E. H. Gombrich Sense of Order x. 271 ‘Some 2500 years ago’—Kurz sums up his riveting article—‘a Greek artist conceived the strange idea of putting a movable ring into the mouth of a lion.’ |