| 释义 |
ritualize, v.|ˈrɪtjuːəlaɪz|
[f. ritual n. + -ize.]
1. intr. To practise ritualism.
1842Emerson Transcendentalist Wks. (Bohn) II. 291 Church and old book mumble and ritualize to an unheeding..and advancing mind. 1892Cath. News 27 Aug. 3 Some of the clergy will be drawn towards ritualising more forcibly.
2. trans. To convert into a ritual; to bring over to ritualism.
1847Oxford & Cambr. Rev. V. 643 The..service of the Church was set about being regulated and ritualized. 1894J. Kerr in Romanism & Ritualism 170 If a number of ministers in Presbyterian charges where no ritualism exists were to resolve to ritualise and Romanise their congregations. 1967V. W. Turner Forest of Symbols iv. 94 A number of critical moments of transition which all societies ritualize and publicly mark. 1975M. Douglas Implicit Meanings ix. 142 To provide such detailed analyses of life crises, afflictions and of how the Ndembu ritualise them, creates thorny problems of interpretation. 1979Dædalus Summer 130 Strong emotion can be ritualized.
3. Zool. To cause (an action or behaviour pattern) to become ritualized.
1961Centennial Rev. Arts & Sc. Fall 406 Because the pattern [of behaviour] was empirically determined..one is never quite certain which behaviour elements are effective, and the whole pattern becomes ritualized. 1965New Scientist 17 June 768/1 Animals tend to ritualize their aggression, rearing up, roaring, showing their teeth, or erecting their ruffs,..in such a way that an adversary recognizes the intention and reacts accordingly. 1968R. F. Ewer Ethology of Mammals viii. 192 In the spotted hyaena, smelling of the ano-genital region has been ritualised into a greeting ceremony which is regularly performed when members of a group meet. 1972Sci. Amer. Sept. 59/1 Birds intending to fly..typically crouch, raise their tail and spread their wings slightly just before taking off. Many species have ritualized these movements into effective signals... The signals serve to coordinate the movement of flock members, and also may warn of approaching predators. |