| 释义 |
ritualism|ˈrɪtjuːəlɪz(ə)m|
[f. ritual a. and n. + -ism. Cf. F. ritualisme.]
1. The study, practice, or system of ritual observances; esp. excessive observance or practice of ritual.
1843Hierurgia Anglicana Introd. p. ii, The Editors..may be supposed at least to have paid some attention to ritualism. 1851I. Taylor Wesley & Methodism 304 The adaptation of Romanism—or if we were to use more comprehensive phrases, we should say—sensuous Ritualism, to engage and charm imaginative, sensitive and meditative minds. 1866Raine Vestments 11 The cathedrals made an outpost for the advance of ritualism. 1870Lowell Study Wind. 280 The Troubadour hailed the return of spring; but with him it was a piece of empty ritualism. 1883Contemp. Rev. XLIII. 270 The spirit of legal ritualism..developed among the Romans a number of intricate ceremonies. 1883Q. Rev. CLVI. 530 Three years ago Ritualism enjoyed a sort of grudging toleration. 1935B. Malinowski Found. Faith & Morals i. 6 It is rather the recognition of his practical and intellectual limitations, and not the illusion of the ‘omnipotence of thought’, which leads man into ritualism. 1952Gerth & Martindale tr. Weber's Anc. Judaism xiii. 336 Prophecy together with traditional ritualism of Israel, brought forth the elements that gave to Jewry its pariah place in the world. 1975M. Douglas Implicit Meanings v. 79 So the tension between ritualism of established authority and enthusiasm from the outlying borders of society, the dynamic of reform in European history, must have its counterpart in the unwritten history of any primitive tribe.
2. Sociol. (See quot. 1957.)
1949R. K. Merton Social Theory iv. 141 The socialization patterns of the lower middle class thus promote the very character structure most predisposed toward ritualism. 1955P. M. Blau Dynamics of Bureaucracy xii. 193 Three variations of displacement of goals were observed, all of which differed from ritualism. 1957R. K. Merton Social Theory (rev. ed.) v. 184 Ritualism refers to a pattern of response in which culturally defined aspirations are abandoned while ‘one continues to abide almost compulsively by institutional norms’. 1961O. J. Harvey et al. Conceptual Syst. ii. 43 (heading) Concreteness disposes toward ritualism. 1963T. & P. Morris Pentonville vii. 172 Two kinds of ritualism may be distinguised—the ritualism of identification and the ritualism of dependency. 1974H. R. Bobbitt et al. Organizational Behav. iii. 61 Ritualism appeared to result more from lack of security in important social relationships..than from overidentification with rules or strong habituation. |