| 释义 |
provisional, a. (n.)|prəʊˈvɪʒənəl|
[f. provision n. + -al1. So obs. F. provisionnal (c 1485 in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. provisionnel.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of, belonging to, or of the nature of a temporary provision or arrangement; provided or adopted for present needs or for the time being; supplying the place of something regular, permanent, or final; also, accepted or used in default of something better. provisional callus: see quot. 1856. Provisional Government: now spec. a government set up to rule until constitutional self-government can be established; Provisional I.R.A.: the unofficial wing of the Irish Republican Army instituted in 1970; provisional (driving-)licence: a licence issued to a learner-driver; provisional order: (see quot. 1963).
1601J. Wheeler Treat. Comm. 41 Hee and they were glad and fayne to come to a prouisionall agreement. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 68 Sir Arthur Sauage..was appointed prouisionall Gouernour of the Prouince of Connaght. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 192 The Church should not be without a provisional Pastor. 1803M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) II. 148 Look at the power given to the President by the provisional government of Louisiana. 1848Act 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63 s. x, They shall make a Provisional Order under their Hands and Seal of Office. 1856R. Druitt Surg. Vade Mecum 217 The formation of what is called a provisional callus, that is to say, a ferrule of new bone encircling both fragments. 1870Act 33 & 34 Vict. c. 1 §2 Any Select Committee of the House of Commons to which any Bill for confirming Provisional Orders has been referred in relation to any Provisional Order therein contained may examine witnesses upon oath. 1873Hamerton Intell. Life xi. i. (1875) 399 The intellectual spirit does not regard its conclusions as being at any time final, but always provisional. 1893Tuckey tr. Hatschek's Amphioxus 158 This primary caudal fin..is only a provisional formation. 1916Wells & Marlowe Hist. Irish Rebellion of 1916 ix. 47 At the Post Office was established the Headquarters of the ‘Provisional Government of the Irish Republic’. 1931R.A.C. Guide 1931–32 34 To enable an applicant suffering from a disability to learn to drive a motor vehicle of any special construction..the Licensing Authority may..grant him a provisional licence for a period of three months. 1963J. F. Garner Administrative Law iii. 42 Provisional orders are made by a Minister of the Crown under the authority of a statute, and they are therefore sometimes described as a form of delegated or subordinate legislation, but they have no legal force until they have been included (usually by way of reference in a schedule) in a Provisional Orders Confirmation Act. 1965J. Ch'ên Mao & Chinese Revolution (1967) i. viii. 172 Under the Constitution, the Provisional Soviet Government was elected with Mao as its chairman. 1970Tierney & MacCurtain Birth Mod. Ireland 131 Pearse then stepped out on to the portico and read the Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic. 1970Times 9 Apr. 12/2 The recent formation of a ‘provisional’ I.R.A. Council. 1971S. A. de Smith Constitutional & Administrative Law xv. 342 Provisional orders, which do not have legal effect till confirmed by Act of Parliament and are therefore not a form of delegated legislation at all. 1973Times 11 Oct. 2/5 Mr McMorrow had been active in the Provisional IRA in Londonderry. 1974Guardian 22 Mar. 8/7 The Environment Department has turned down a plea for stricter eyesight tests for people applying for their first provisional driving licence. 1976Burnham-on-Sea Gaz. 20 Apr. 24/4 Mrs ― told the court that she only held a provisional licence and this had now expired. 1978Times 6 Mar. 2/6 Under the Provisional IRA's new structure, each active service unit is largely self-contained, and in contact only with the central command.
†b. Preparatory, preliminary. Obs.
1619Hales Gold. Rem. ii. (1673) 83 That Sessions consultatory and Provisional shall be private, but Sessions wherein they discuss and conclude shall be publick.
†2. Characterized by or exhibiting careful foresight; provident. Obs. rare.
1620E. Blount Horæ Subs. 523 Either from a pressing necessity, or a foreseeing and prouisionall carefulnes. a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 370 The Wise God that foresaw this Sin..was not wanting in providing a fit provisional Remedy against it. 1763Goldsm. Misc. Wks. (1837) II. 505 This provisional care in every species of quadrupeds, of bringing forth at the fittest seasons.
†3. Of, belonging to, or done with a proviso; conditional. Obs.
1656Blount Glossogr., Provisional,..done by way of Proviso. 1706Phillips, Provisional..belonging to a Proviso. 1808Bentham Sc. Reform 3 There is enough in it to afford an ample justification to the provisional acceptance your Lordship has been pleased to give to it.
4. Of or relating to provisions or supplies. rare.
1812W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XXXIII. 228 Both words [plenty and abundance]..are metaphorically applied to the provisional state of the country, to its eatable stock. 1823Blackw. Mag. XIV. 509 From Covent garden..we must take a peep at the other points of provisional concentration about town.
B. n.
1. Something that is provisional.
1895Westm. Gaz. 23 Aug. 3/1 ‘Provisional’ labels had to be issued while the real stamps were being engraved. The collector treasures a ‘provisional’ above most things.
†2. One for whom provision is made; one provided for. Obs.
1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. 316 A Popish Pervert and a Protestant Convert are indeed two different Provisionals.
3. a. One whose tenure of office is of a temporary nature; a provisional governor.
1848A. H. Clough Let. 26 Feb. in J. Bertram N.Z. Lett. of T. Arnold (1966) 78 Will the army and Nationals rally around this government, or allow the people to set up their Provisionals. Inasmuch as the Provisionals are all in the Ministry, I suppose they may please themselves.
b. A member of the Provisional I.R.A.
1971Guardian 11 Aug. 1/5 Some senior members of the IRA Provisionals, known to have been in Belfast recently, have..arrived. 1974Listener 14 Mar. 323/1 The Provisionals' traditional method of discipline: putting a gun barrel behind a man's knee and blowing off his knee cap.
Hence provisioˈnality, provisionalness.
1821Examiner 821/2 Open your eyes..and you will see that provisionality itself is infused into all the branches of your system. 1891Harper's Mag. Oct. 765/1 There was a terrible provisionality about the whole business.
Add:[A.] [1.] c. Of a postage stamp: put into circulation temporarily, usu. owing to the unavailability of the definitive issue.
1911Dict. Philatelic Terms & Phrases 143 ‘Provisional stamps’ are those intended to meet a temporary need, usually due to failure of supply, sometimes owing to stamps being required urgently and there being no time to prepare a design, and such stamps may be bisected..or surcharged. 1929K. B. Stiles Stamps i. 7 ‘Tentative’ is exactly the word to describe provisional stamps. It implies that they are to be in postal use for a short while only. 1979R. Cabeen Stand. Handbk. Stamp Collecting 435 Unless the reason for the provisional issue disappears within a short time, the stamp or stamps are replaced by definitive issues.
[B.] [1.] For def. read: Something that is provisional, esp. a provisional stamp. (Earlier and later examples.)
1885E. B. Evans Philatelic Handbk. 93 Ecquador..Provisionals. Black surcharge; value in words in two lines. 1912Gloss. Philatelic Terms (Philatelic Congress Gt. Brit.) 21 Provisionals, stamps temporarily put into circulation, usually when the supply of a certain value has been exhausted. 1929K. B. Stiles Stamps i. 7 A striking illustration of definitives and provisionals is to be found in the postal history of Portugal. 1975B. Gunston Philatelist's Compan. 246 Provisionals may be crude local productions, reprinted issues from another country, or an issue overprinted by a successful revolutionary administration. |