| 释义 |
Avogadro Chem.|ævəʊˈgɑːdrəʊ|
The name of the Italian scientist Count Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856), used esp. attrib. or in the possessive case of his hypothesis that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Also Avogadro('s) constant, Avogadro number: the number of molecules in a mole (mole n.7) (see quot. 1958).
1871Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXIV. 1247/1 Avogadro's law. Ibid. 300 On the Law of Avogadro.—The relation of this law—viz., that ‘equal volumes of different gases contain, under like conditions, equal numbers of molecules’, to the mechanical theory of gases, has lately been the subject of..discussion. 1874J. P. Cooke New Chem. ii. 37 Avogadro's law declares that all gases contain, under like conditions of temperature and pressure, the same number of molecules in the same volume. 1895C. S. Palmer tr. Nernst's Theoret. Chem. v. 148 We know the gas pressure of all well-defined chemical substances, which are subject to Avogadro's rule. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 739/1 Avogadro's theorem is directly applicable to dilute solutions. 1927Webster Addenda, Avogadro number. 1958Ballentyne & Walker Dict. Named Effects 9 Avogadro's Number, the number of individual atoms in a gramme-atom, of ions in a gramme-ion or of molecules in a gramme-molecule... The accepted value is 6·023 × 1023. 1959Chambers's Encycl. I. 746/1 Since molecules have now lost their hypothetical character, it seems preferable to refer to Avogadro's theorem rather than Avogadro's hypothesis or law. |