| 释义 |
riser|ˈraɪzə(r)|
[f. rise v. + -er1.]
I.
†1. One who raises or rouses. Obs.—1
1388Prol. Wycliffite Bible (1850) I. 33 Riseris of debate and of tresoun aȝens the king.
2. One who rises up, esp. from bed. Chiefly in collocations early (good), late riser.
c1440Promp. Parv. 434/2 Rysare, surrector. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 14 b, This must cheefely be looked vnto.., that the Bailiffe be a good riser. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Homme qui est matineux, an early riser. 1612Shelton Quix. i. i, He was an early riser, and a great friend of hunting. a1631Donne Serm. xix. (1640) 184 The first Rising, is the first Riser, Christ Jesus. 1710Addison Tatler No. 155 ⁋1 He was a very early Riser. 1862R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 363 We are no bad risers in the morning, but we never saw the sun rise on Midsummer-day but once. 1879Lubbock Sci. Lect. ii. 41 Bees..are very early risers, while ants come out later, when the dew is off.
†3. One who rises in revolt. Obs.
c1420Contin. Brut (E.E.T.S.) 370 A Squier of Walis þat was a rebell & a ryser. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1885) 125 To represse and punysh riatours and risers. 1597State Papers, Dom. 1595–7, 343 The risers were persuaded to go home. 1655Clarke Papers (Camden) III. 38 The late Commission for tryall of the Northern Risers.
4. One who rises in fortune. rare—1.
1592W. Wyrley Armorie 14 It is a very vsuall matter for euery new Riser at this day..to vsurp the same.
5. A fish that rises to an angler's fly or bait.
1867Francis Angling v. (1880) 165 They are..much freer and bolder risers. 1881Three in Norway 123 All the fish, to whichever class of risers they might belong.
II.
†6. (See quot.) Obs.—0
Perh. an error for rises: cf. rice n.1 4.
1688Holme Armoury iii. xxi. (Roxb.) 252/2 He beareth Azure a paire of Risers, Argent... This is a thing by which all your hanke silks are wound from their hankes vpon Bobbins.
7. a. The upright part of a step; the vertical piece connecting two treads in a stair. (Cf. rise n. 12 b.)
1771Encycl. Brit. I. 360/2 The manner of dove-tailing the riser into the step. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 595 Divide the rod into as many equal parts as there are to be risers. 1858Skyring's Builders' Prices 53 To measure stairs, take one step and riser the extreme width by the length. 1886Morse Jap. Homes iv. 197 The front of the step is open,—that is, there is no riser.
b. Geomorphol. The steeply sloping part of each of the step-like parts of a glacial stairway or similar landform.
1930F. E. Matthes Geol. Hist. Yosemite Valley 95/2 All the other steps in the upper Merced Canyon have risers and sills composed of very sparingly jointed or wholly massive rock. Ibid. 98/1 These steps..have conspicuously sheer, smooth fronts, or risers. 1954W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xv. 369 Each step [in a glacial stairway] typically has three component parts: a riser, a riegel, and a tread. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIX. 641/1 The establishment of runoff after wastage of the ice has occurred will lead to a series of waterfalls or cascades at the site of each riser in the stairway. 1975C. Taylor Fields in Eng. Landscape iv. 90 The most characteristic features of strip lynchets are usually their steep risers, sometimes of considerable height.
8. Mining. (See quots.)
1846Brockett N.C. Gloss. (ed. 3), Riser, a trouble or dislocation; the coal being so affected as to be above the level at which the seam is working. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Riser, an upthrow fault.
9. Founding. (See quots.) Also = feed-head (see feed n. 7).
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1946/2 Riser.., an opening through a mold, into which metal rises as the mold fills. A head. a1890Sci. Amer. LIX. 88 (Cent.), To obtain a sound casting in steel, with most methods in use, a very high riser is necessary. 1950Times Rev. Industry Sept. 16/2 (Advt.), Risers act as reservoirs of molten metal to compensate for liquid shrinkage. 1967A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metallurgy xiii. 184 The metal is poured into a sand mould through a gate, down a sprue and along a runner. A riser has also to be provided, leading upwards from the top of the casting, to provide a pool of molten metal to feed the casting as it freezes and shrinks. 1973J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. ii. 36 Risers are vertical channels rising to the top of the mould, which help to control flow by trapping slag and in which the rise of metal in the mould and the progress of solidification can be followed.
10. Printing. ‘Wooden or metal blocks for mounting stereo and other plates’ (Jacobi).
1821J. Fergusson Brit. Pat. No. 4594. 18 Oct., In the process of printing from stereotype plates the plates are put upon and fastened to certain materials or apparatus called by different names, such as blocks, matrix plates, risers, &c., which are made either of iron, brass, type metal,..gypsum, wood [etc.]. 1841W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing 702 Risers, the material upon which stereotype plates are fixed, in order to be printed. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Rec. Ser. iv. 223/2 It is a matter of convenience to cast the ‘risers’ or movable blocks for mounting plates, on the premises.
11. dial. The top bar of a stile.
1894Blackmore Perlycross 85, I swore I would slash off any hand that was laid on the edge of the riser.
12. a. = rising main (b) s.v. rising ppl. a. 6; riser diagram, a diagram of the risers in a building.
1898Engin. Rec. 26 Nov. 566/1 The grouping of risers has been made..so that the average current demand on each pair of lighting bars will be about equal. 1924T. Croft Conduit Wiring iii. 68 (caption) Riser diagram of conduit wiring in a hotel building. 1930Moyer & Wostrel Industr. Electr. & Wiring v. 146 Wires and cables serving as main risers or feeders in buildings of fire-resistive construction, may be run bare..under special conditions. 1967G. A. T. Burdett Electr. Installations 36 Especially suitable for short runs and for individual risers from a main distribution board on the ground floor.
b. A vertical pipe for the upward flow of a fluid; spec. (a) one carrying water or steam from one floor to another in a central heating system; (b) one extending from an offshore drilling or production platform to the sea-bed, through which drilling may be done or oil or gas may flow. Also riser pipe(line).
1908A. G. King Pract. Steam & Hot Water Heating xi. 111 The riser or risers..rise directly to the top floor or attic..and here branch in the several directions necessary to feed the various drop risers supplying the radiators. 1941Nature 15 Mar. 315/1 The tall ‘risers’, that is, vertical 5-in pipes which convey the water up to the projector nozzles, are spaced throughout the plantation as required. 1961B.S.I. News Nov. 17/1 The code will recommend the installation of fire lifts and internal fire mains or ‘risers’ to assist firemen in applying water to a fire as early as possible. 1969T. Stanley More Small Bore Heating ii. 77/3 The pipework is being run under..the first floor with drops and risers to radiators on the ground floor. 1972L. M. Harris Introd. Deepwater Floating Drilling Operations xii. 133 Selection of the riser-pipe steel is critical for a long-life, trouble-free operation. 1975Offshore Progress: Technol. & Costs (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 6 As the rig rises and falls with the heaving surface of the sea, the riser must be held in vertical tension in order to prevent it from buckling. 1977New Yorker 9 May 38/1 Behind the riser pipe in the bathroom Puttermesser kept weeks' worth of Sunday Times cross⁓word puzzles.
13. Cricket. A ball that rises sharply on pitching.
1955Times 5 July 4/4 Shackleton could not draw away quickly enough from a riser from James and was acrobatically caught in the slips.
14. = lift-web s.v. lift n.2 18.
1927C. A. Lindbergh We—Pilot & Plane viii. 140, I left the ship head first and was falling in this position when the risers whipped me around into an upright position and the chute opened. 1975tr. Melchior's Sleeper Agent (1976) iii. 230 When the [parachute] canopy is fully open you will swing under it... You will check the oscillation by tugging on the two risers in the direction of your swing... He grabbed hold of two of the webbed risers. 1976L. Sanders Hamlet Warning (1977) xxix. 277 He pulled the ring, saw the silk deploy... He fought the risers, stopping his oscillation.
Add:[II.] [7.] c. Theatr., Cinematogr., etc. A low platform on a stage or in an auditorium or studio, used to give greater prominence to a speaker, performer, etc.; any of a group of similar platforms arranged in steplike fashion.
1959W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 126/1 Riser, a small platform or block used to raise a prop or performer above ground or floor level. 1961A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 75 Risers, platforms made of wood or metal, used on stages or in recording studios for the purpose of raising certain sections of the orchestra. 1977Chicago Tribune 2 Oct. vi. 8/2 Many older halls..have seating behind the orchestra. Mainly, they are intended, like the risers in Chicago's Orchestra Hall, to hold a chorus. 1984Guardian 29 Oct. 28/7 The positioning of the riser is a work of art. It is normally arranged to show the President at the best angles and in the most flattering light. 1987New Yorker Dec. 35/3 The audience assembled at the theatre..and carefully climbed the risers and took their seats. |