| 释义 |
rip-rap, n.|ˈrɪpˌræp|
Also 6 ryprap, riprapp.
[f. rap n.1 or v.1, with usual change of a to i in the first syllable; but senses 2 and 3 may be partly of different origin.]
1.
†a. An imitation of the sound caused by a rapid succession of blows; hence, a sharp blow. Obs.
c1580J. Jeffere Bugbears Epilog, With hyffa, with huffa, with ryprap, poff, puffa, and sprityng go we! 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 59 With rip rap bouncing thee ram to the chapter is hurled. c1600Ruggle Club Law i. iv, Hee tooke me such a riprapp on the head.
b. A kind of detonating firework. Also, the sound of fireworks detonating, and transf.
1894Hall Caine Manxman 259 A few fireworks, a rip-rap or two, and some general illumination. 1909Hall Caine White Prophet I. i. 8 Once more the words rang like a rip-rap down the line. 1930Sea Breezes Dec. 72 The glare and rip-rap of the fireworks ashore..told that the Old Year 1882 had expired. 1942Sun (Baltimore) 13 Mar. 13/3 Sea-coast guns on Fort Wool, known to civilians as the Rip Raps, will be fired Saturday between 9 A.M. and noon. 1974Country Life 28 Nov. 1682 A firework party..rockets sped into the sky..followed by..sparklers and even ‘rip-raps’ round our feet.
c. (See quot.)
1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xviii. 381 There are more than sixty established names for the pursuit of illegally knocking at doors... Rip Rap. Derby.
2. Naut. (See quots.)
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv. xviii. 214 Dongeness, Dover, Ripraps, The South Foreland. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 10 Near this Island we always find a great ripling which Seamen call the Rip-raps. 1784Pennant Arct. Zool. Introd. (1792) III. p. iii, Between Bologne and Folkstone..is..a narrow submarine hill, called the Rip-raps. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 224 The rip-rap, as they call the tide agin' the wind.
3. orig. U.S. Loose stone thrown down in water or on a soft bottom to form a foundation for a breakwater or other work. More widely, loose stone used for revetments, embankments, or the like; also, a structure made of this.
[1822Niles' Reg. 15 June 252/1 The expense of getting stone, and delivering it at the Rip Raps and Point Comfort.] 1833H. Barnard Let. 4 Mar. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1918) XIII. 314 We passed in our way..Old Point Comfort, upon which you know Fortress Monroe is situated—the ripraps directly opposite, which two will effectually secure the Bay. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1946/2 s.v., Charleston Harbor, and Plymouth Breakwater, England, are founded on rip-raps. 1880News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 9 Sept. 3/3 It is the intention of the company to raise the grade of the approaches on both sides, protecting the exposed surfaces by what is technically known as ‘rip rap’, a kind of loose rock work. 1892Outing July 254/1 At the worst places ripraps of brush and stones have been built to confine the river to its bed. 1899Rep. Iowa Geol. Surv. IX. 435 Limestone weathering to a most irregular face, of no value except for rip-rap. 1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 11 July 36/3 It was necessary to blast out a way at the cliffside, with occasional banks of rip-rap, and stretches of trestle. 1975Offshore Aug. 36/2 After placement the base was grouted into position and a wall of rip-rap placed right round the base to protect it against scour.
attrib.1838J. Childs Western Railroad (1839) 25 To guard the embankments by rip-rap walls. 1886C. D. Warner Their Pilgr. v. (1888) 120 Broken, ragged, slimy rocks, as if they had been dumped there for a rip-rap wall. 1931Sun (Baltimore) 1 Sept. 9/6 A railroad section foreman, blasting for rip rap stone, found the first sample of the ore in western Pike county [Arkansas]. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 16 June 7-a/2 The time required to obtain a riprap permit for Montana rivers and streams.
So ˈrip-ˌrap v., to found upon, or cover with, a deposit of loose stone. Hence ˈrip-ˌrapped ppl. a., ˈrip-ˌrapping vbl. n. U.S.
1848in Bartlett Dict. Amer. (1859) s.v., If, in constructing a bulkhead, it should be determined to rip-rap to low-water mark,..the cost for rip-rapping..would be about eighty thousand dollars. 1883American VI. 297 The stream will be confined within permanent barriers by rip-rapped banks and levees. 1884Harper's Mag. Sept. 504/1 Cliff ledges..[are] connected one terrace above by the other, by..a natural rip⁓rapping of fallen fragments. Ibid. 621/2 The face slope..and the rear..are riprapped with stone. 1897M. B. Ker in E. L. Wilson et al. Mountain Climbing vi. 286 We riprapped the bottom of the slope to prevent slipping down the hill. 1904Dialect Notes II. 420 Highland Avenue is rip-rapped on one side. 1938Sun (Baltimore) 8 Nov. 5/3 Another [project] is for rip-rapping the river bank. 1943B. A. De Voto Year of Decision 332 They had to..pry boulders out of their course, riprap swamp patches, sometimes bridge brooks that could not be crossed otherwise. 1976Columbus (Montana) News 27 May 8/3 The resolution was signed for the riprapping of property by the Absarokee lagoon. |