| 释义 |
autocracy|ɔːˈtɒkrəsɪ|
[ad. Gr. αὐτοκράτεια, n. of state f. αὐτοκρατής: see autocrat. Cf. mod. F. autocratie.]
†1.
a. Self-sustained or independent power. Obs.
1655Lestrange Chas. I 121 The king of Sweden..had prospered to an autocracy, a self-subsistence, and so needed no participants..in the hazard. a1716South Serm. VIII. 285 (T.) [The Divine Will] moves not by the external impulse..of objects, but determines itself by an absolute autocracy. 1755Johnson, Autocrasy, independent power.
†b. Of states: Possession of the right of self-government, political independence; = autonomy.
1864Webster cites Barlow.
2. a. Absolute government.
1855Merivale Rom. Emp. xlviii. V. 418 Caius..had inherited his autocracy. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. viii. 376 Unrepining subjection under the religious autocracy of the Pope.
b. transf. Controlling authority or influence.
1855H. Spencer Psychol. (1872) II. vii. ii. 314 The establishment of this autocracy among the faculties. 1860Farrar Orig. Lang. ii. 36 The autocracy of philosophic bodies.
c. Autocrats collectively; the realm of autocrats.
1905Smart Set Sept. 125 Of all the fish that swim or swish In ocean's deep autocracy There's none possess such haughtiness As the codfish aristocracy. 1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 19 Oct. 301/2 She is credited with wiser views of Russian policy than were commonly found in the heads of that fated autocracy.
3. Med. The controlling influence exerted by nature or the vital principle on disease.
1864Webster cites Dunglison. |