| 释义 |
autism Psychiatry.|ˈɔːtɪz(ə)m|
[ad. mod.L. autismus (also used), f. Gr. αὐτός self + -ism.]
A condition in which a person is morbidly self-absorbed and out of contact with reality. So auˈtistic a., of, pertaining to, or characterized by this; n., a person thus affected; also auˈtistically adv.
1912Bleuler in Amer. Jrnl. Insanity LXIX. 874 When we look more closely we find amongst all normal people many and important instances where thought is divorced both from logic and from reality. I have called these forms of thinking autistic, corresponding to the idea of schizophrenic autismus. Ibid. 884 The unconscious can think logically or autistically. 1912A. Hoch Ibid. 888 The chief traits which had existed before the mental breakdown were those which I at that time called the shut-in tendencies—tendencies to which Professor Bleuler has recently applied the term autism. 1916C. E. Long tr. Jung's Coll. Papers Analyt. Psychol. vi. 203 Autism (Bleuler) = Auto-eroticism (Freud). For some time I have employed the concept of introversion for this condition. 1922Woodworth Psychol. xix. 508 Daydreaming..is an example of what is called ‘autistic thinking’, which means thinking that is sufficient unto itself, and not subjected to any criticism. Autistic thinking gratifies some desire and that is enough for it. 1962Guardian 15 Nov. 6/6 London County Council has opened an experimental unit at the health centre in Guildford Street for the treatment and diagnosis of autistic children. 1963New Scientist 25 Apr. 184/1 Childhood autism—sometimes inaccurately called childhood schizophrenia. 1968Woman 27 Jan. 24/2 There are over 4,000 diagnosed autistics in this country. Ibid. 56/4 Our hospital..is by no means the only one with an autistic unit.
▸ autistic spectrum disorder n. Psychiatry. any disorder in which the subject displays autistic characteristics (esp. impaired communication and social interaction and restricted activities and interests).
1988Jrnl. Child Neurol. 3 S48 It is argued that autism is a cover term for a spectrum disorder with similarities and differences in the clinical presentation of preschool children. A model for subtyping the *autistic spectrum disorders is suggested. 1992Child Care, Health & Devel. 18 57 An 8-year-old child, originally diagnosed as learning disabled..was later diagnosed as having an autistic spectrum disorder when abnormalities of social interaction and play activity became more obvious. 2001Independent 25 Jan. 8/2 It has become clear that many more people are affected by autistic spectrum disorders, including Asperger's syndrome, a milder version of classic autism. |