| 释义 |
▪ I. rick, n.1|rɪk|
Forms: α. 1–2 hréac, 3–6 reke (3, 5 rek), 5 reyke, 5–8, 9 dial. reek, 6–7 reeke, 6 reake, 7 reack, reeck. β. 6 rike. γ. 6 rycke, 6–8 ricke, 7 ryck, 7– rick. δ. 7 reck.
[OE. hréac, = Fris. reak, rêk, MDu. rooc, roke (Du. rook), ON. hraukr (Norw. rauk, Sw. rök, obs. Da. røg). The later rick exhibits a shortening of the vowel, which is paralleled in the wide-spread dialect form ship for sheep (OE. scéap).
A supposed OE. corn-hrycce ‘corn-rick’, which has been cited in connexion with this word, rests on a misreading in Thorpe's Hom. ælfric II. 178. The MS. used by Thorpe has corn-hwyccan ‘corn-chest’; three others have the variant corn-hwæccan.]
1. a. A stack of hay, corn, peas, etc., esp. one regularly built and thatched; a mow. Also fig.
α900in Thorpe Dipl. Angl. Sax. (1865) 145 Healfne æcer gauolmæde..on hreace ᵹebrinᵹan. c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 355 Acerous, muwan, hreacas. 13..R. Glouc. (Rolls) App. S. 13 Sette afure rek [v.r. reke] & hous & barnde al þane toun. 1382Wyclif Exod. xxii. 6 If fyer..cacche the rekes of corn, or the corn stondynge in feeldis. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. Prol. (Skeat) l. 100 The grettest clerkes han..mad therof grete rekes and noble. c1440Promp. Parv. 428/1 Reek, or golf (K. reyke), arconius, acervus. 1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 10 Thatched houses, barnes, reekes, stackes, and other suche like. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. i. iii, His barnes are full! his reekes and mowes well trod! 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 238 Hay is not to be cast before a horse as it is out of the reek. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 217 The usual way of building reeks of Corn on Stavals set on stones, is the only prevention against Mice. 1700Dryden Meleager & Atal. 35 Nor barns at home, nor reeks are heap'd abroad. 1721[see hayrick]. 1895‘Rosemary’ Chilterns iv. 133 My 'ay's all in the reeks an' thatched.
β1557W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 118 There were 1000 rikes of wheate. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 119 Houels and rikes they are forced to make.
γ1566Withals Dict. 21/1 A ricke or reake of hey, strues. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 42 Other Corne and Pulse is made vp in Coppes and Ryckes. 1589Pasquil's Return A iiij b, It catcheth hold..in a ricke of Strawe. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. Temper i. 62 They had gone to their graves like a rick of corne. 1677A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 130 People..who have great quantities of Corn, and are forced to keep it Two or Three years in Ricks. 1733Swift Poems Wks. 1751 X. 217 Whole Ricks of Hay..Were down the sudden Current born. 1764Reid Inquiry vi. §20 The farmer perceives by his eye, very nearly, the quantity of hay in a rick. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides 189 Not one single wheat rick have I seen, and not one rick of any sort of corn. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. viii, That night she took refuge from the Samaritan..under a farmer's rick. 1900G. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 307 The old country maxim, ‘Where there's ricks, there's gates’.
δ1621Statutes Ireland (Bolton) 72 Whereas many ill disposed persons..doe daily burne corn, as well in recks in the fields, as in villages and townes. 1682Pamphlet on Floods 24th April 4 Setting the Recks of Hay and Corn afloat.
b. transf. A heap or pile.
1606Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. Magnificence 1147 Whence came this Courage, Titan-like, So many Hils to heap upon a Rick? 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 41 The Bearer-off..carries the Bricks..to lay them singly down in Rows (which they call Ricks). 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Rick, Penn., an open heap or pile in which coal is coked. 1886S.W. Linc. Gloss., Reek, a pile, heap, usually of snow.
2. attrib. and Comb.
a. General, as rick-builder, rick-building, rick-burner, rick-burning, rick-fire, rick-lifter, rick-maker, rick-shifter.
1905Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 96/2 Rick-builder, a man who builds ricks. 1936Discovery Nov. 363/2 The old lacemakers and the hurdle maker, the shepherd and the rick builder, the last being an artist in hay,..inhabit the old-world village. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 23 Feb. 55/3 Many of us are so steeped in the old rick-building tradition of ‘keeping the middle up’ that we still do it with silage.
1844Punch VII. 17 (caption) The home of the rick-burner. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt 3 For the rick-burners had not found their way hither.
1843R. Vaughan Age Grt. Cities 288 A similar inference is suggested concerning the relation between the farmer and the labourer by the history of rick-burning. 1939D. Cecil Young Melbourne viii. 206 The riotings and rick-burnings..roused his fear of revolution.
c1889Tennyson To Mary Boyle vii, More than half a hundred years ago, In rick-fire days.
1910Encycl. Brit. XIII. 108/2 Various forms of rick-lifters are in use, the characteristic feature of which is a tipping platform on wheels to which a horse is attached between shafts. 1924Glasgow Herald 24 Dec. 6/7 Skiffs have been transported across the island on rick-lifters to augment the temporary fishing fleet.
1879Jefferies Wild Life in S. Co. vi, The ‘rick-maker’ used to be an important person.
1957E. E. Evans Irish Folk Ways xii. 155 Carried at last to the haggard or rick-shifters or slipes..the hay is built into small circular stacks (pikes).
b. Special, as rick-barton, -burton, = rick-yard; rick-cloth, a large canvas sheet used to protect an unfinished rick; also, the material used for this; rick-staddle, † -staffold, -stand, † -stavel (see quots.); rick-stick, a toothed rod used for combing the thatch of a rick; rick-stones (see quot.).
1656Heylin Surv. France 259 No pullein in the *rick-barten. 1829C. A. Bowles Chapters on Churchyards I. 134 The footman..summoned from the hay-cart, or rick-burton. a1887Jefferies Toilers of the Field (1892) 4 The farmyard and rick-barton were a little way up the narrow valley.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 971 The farmers in the south of England employ *rick-cloths. 1881Blackmore Cristowell xiv, His breeches were of rickcloth.
1838Holloway Prov. Dict., *Rick-steddle, a wooden frame placed on stones, on which to build ricks. 1876Hardy Ethelberta (1890) 294 Old jambs being carried off for rick-staddles.
a1722Lisle Husb. (1752) 208 If it be designed for a *reek-staffold..it will come out of the straw and thresh very well.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §809 The *Rick Stand..is formed of oak pillars inserted in the ground, and standing two feet high above it, with a frame over them composed of joists of any cheap wood. 1892J. C. Blomfield Hist. Heyford 46 Sad stories are current of fine old oak..used for rick-stands.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. 184 The covered *Reek-staval (much in use westward). Ibid. 275 A Reek-staval, a Frame of Wood placed on stones, on which such Mowe is raised.
1874Hardy Far from Madding Crowd xxxvi, Where's your thatching-beetle and *rick-stick and spars?
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Rick-stones, supports of Purbeck or other stone for ricks, usually sold in pairs.
▪ II. rick, n.2|rɪk|
[Related to rick v.2]
A sprain or overstrain, esp. in the back.
1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. s.v., I gen my back such a rick. 1869R. T. Claridge Cold Water Cure 105 He could not determine whether it was simply Lumbago, or a Rick in the back. 1887Nicols Wild Life I. x. 297 Harold found that he had a nasty rick in the loins.
▪ III. † rick, n.3 Obs. rare.
[App. a variant of rig n.1, but the history of the form is quite obscure.]
(See quots.)
1641in E. Owen Cat. MSS. Wales in Brit. Museum (1908) 584 All that rick or parcel of rockie ground..called Craygamoyen. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 73/2 A Rick, or Ridges or Buts, are parcels of Land of several breadths and lengths. Ibid., Casting into Ricks or Ridges is to make such by Plowing.
▪ IV. rick, n.4 slang.
[Origin unknown.]
= gee n. 3. Also attrib. or as adj., fictitious, sham.
1928[see gee n.3]. 1934P. Allingham Cheapjack vii. 63 On..occasions the worker has a rick, that is to say, a confederate planted in the crowd, whom he could always choose as the first bidder. 1967Sunday Tel. 7 May 5/5 If you are standing near a bookie's joint, undecided, and a merchant dashes in and places a bet, such as ‘Seventy pounds to forty. On top’, don't take a blind bit of notice. It's a rick bet... It don't even go in the book. Its sole object is to push or goad you into making your bet.
▪ V. rick
north. dial. variant of reek n.1
▪ VI. rick, v.1|rɪk|
[f. rick n.1]
trans. To form (hay, corn, etc.) into a rick; to stack. Also with up.
1623Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) p. xlix, To Bucknell 3 daies ricking pease. 1677A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 116 The Farmers lay up their Corn at easie Rates,..and not Rick it up, as we do in England. 1764Museum Rust. III. lviii. 245, I not only rick the straw, but I also slightly thatch the rick. 1793Trans. Soc. Arts IV. 192 The common methods of ricking it [hay]. 1812Sir J. Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. i. 396 There are few seasons in Scotland, where it is possible to rick clover immediately after the scythe. 1865E. Burritt Walk to Land's End 178 Whatever quantity of straw, corn-stalks and turnips he may rick or house for winter. 1914Dialect Notes IV. 78 Rick up, v. phr., to pile up (brush). 1951H. E. Giles Harbin's Ridge xi. 102 When I got there Faleecy John was ricking up cook wood in the corner of the yard. I pitched in to help. I like to rick wood. 1962M. E. Murie Two in Far North i. ii. 23 Thank heaven for the nine cords of good spruce wood ricked up in the back yard.
▪ VII. rick, v.2|rɪk|
[Prob. a variant spelling of wrick v. Both noun and verb belong to southern dial., so that connexion with ON. rykkr n., rykkja v., is less likely.]
1. trans. To sprain, twist, or wrench (any limb or joint). Hence ricked |rɪkt| ppl. a.
1798J. Jefferson Let. to J. Boucher 23 Feb., To rick, that is, to twist a joint, and thereby hurt it. 1870Field 2 Apr. 200/3 Though your horse cleared the brook and galloped on, he may have ricked his back. 1884Daily News 24 July 5/1 Suffering from a ‘ricked’ back. 1891Baring-Gould In Troubadour Land vi. 68 The cobble-stones..torture the feet that walk over them and rick the ankles.
2. Coursing. To cause (a hare) to ‘wrench’ or turn less than quite about. Also intr. of a hare: To ‘wrench’.
1839Laws of Coursing in Youatt Dog (1845) App. 261 If a dog draws the fleck from the hare, and causes her to wrench or rick only, it is equal to a turn of the hare when leading homewards. Ibid. 262 When a dog wrenches or ricks a hare twice following,..it is equal to a turn.
▪ VIII. rick, 'rick|rɪk|
abbrev. rickshaw, ricksha.
1889Kipling in Pioneer Mail 16 June 743/1 All the sahibs hailed 'rick-shaws—they call them 'ricks here [sc. in Hong Kong]. 1962Coast to Coast 1961–62 82 Hell, wouldn't they sit up? the blokes at the tuck shop, the twits in Leaving. Wouldn't credit it, his going for a Jap sheila in a bloody rick. |