| 释义 |
Reynolds Physics.|ˈrɛnəldz|
The name of Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912), Irish engineer and physicist, used attrib. (and in the possessive as Reynolds', occas. erron. as Reynold's) to designate quantities discovered and concepts used by him, as Reynolds number, a dimensionless number used in fluid mechanics as a criterion to determine whether fluid flow past a body or in a duct is steady or turbulent, evaluated as lvρ/ν, where l is a characteristic length of the system, v is a typical speed, ρ is the mass-density, and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid; magnetic Reynolds number, a number analogous in formation to the Reynolds number, used to describe the dynamic behaviour of a magnetized plasma; Reynolds stress, the net rate of transfer of momentum across a surface in a fluid resulting from turbulence in the fluid.
1910Sci. Abstr. A. XIII. 406 The flow..is conditioned by the so-called Reynolds' number. 1930Dougall & Deans tr. Ewald's Physics of Solids & Fluids vi. 273 This number, which gives the ratio of the forces of inertia and the forces of viscosity, is called Reynolds' number, in honour of Osborne Reynolds, the discoverer of this law of similarity. 1952Ark. f. Fysik V. 322 The non-dimensional ratios are analogous to Reynolds' number in ordinary hydrodynamics. In magneto-hydrodynamics there are many numbers of this kind entering in different combinations in different cases. 1958, etc. [see Nusselt]. 1962W. B. Thompson Introd. Plasma Physics iv. 50 These conditions may be combined to give the condition for typical magneto-hydrodynamic behaviour... This condition was derived by Lundquist (1952) who called M the magnetic Reynold's number. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIV. 507/2 When the magnetic Reynolds number is much greater than one, resistance effects can be ignored and the magnetic lines of force are said to be frozen to (or to move with) the plasma. 1975Sci. Amer. Nov. 83/1 In a large hummingbird..the mean value of the Reynolds number for the flow past oscillating wings is 15,000; in a large wasp..it is 4,000; in the small fruit fly Drosophila..it is 200, and in the tiny parasitic wasp Encarsia fomosa..it is less than 20. 1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. of Plants ii. 42 The flight Reynolds numbers for spores, pollen and the tiny dust seeds such as those of Monotropa and many orchids are usually so small that movement in air is dominated by viscous forces.
1943Q. Appl. Math. I. 11 A new set of equations is obtained which differs from the first only in the presence of additional terms added to the mean values of the stresses due to viscosity. These additional terms are called the Reynolds stresses or eddy stresses. 1947Hunsaker & Rightmire Engin. Appl. Fluid Mech. viii. 137 This fictitious [shear] stress is called either the turbulent shear stress..or the Reynolds stress, after Osborne Reynolds, who first pointed out the existence of turbulent momentum transfers. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 17 They concluded that the portion of the spectrum which they had measured contributed only about 1/5 of the total turbulent energy and that the spectrum for k > 0·02 cm—1 could not make a major contribution to the Reynolds stresses. |