| 释义 |
▪ I. revenge, n.|rɪˈvɛndʒ|
Also 7 revendge.
[f. the vb., or a. obs. F. revenge, var. of revenche, mod. revanche: see the vb.]
1. a. The act of doing hurt or harm to another in return for wrong or injury suffered; satisfaction obtained by repayment of injuries.
1566J. Studley Agamemnon, Euribates, Can not remembraunce of reuenge out of thy breast be reft? 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 89 The Windes,..As in reuenge, haue suck'd vp from the sea Contagious fogges. 1592Kyd Murther I. Brewen Wks. (1901) 287 The blood of the iust Abel cried..for vengeance and reuenge on the murderer. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. iv. v, O reuenge, how sweet art thou! 1690Norris Beatitudes (1694) 78 Private Revenge therefore is universally to be condemned, as utterly unlawful. 1721Young Revenge i. i, What is revenge, but courage to call in Our honour's debts? 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. IV. 404 A desire of revenge upon the plunderers of his country. 1818Byron Juan i. cxxiv, Sweet is revenge—especially to women. 1855Tennyson Maud i. iii, Taking revenge too deep for a transient wrong. 1877C. Geikie Christ (1879) 431 Plato held that revenge was wrong.
personif.1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. ii. 146 Tam. Reuenge now goes To lay a complot to betray thy Foes. Tit. I know thou doo'st, and sweet reuenge farewell. 1747Collins Passions, Revenge impatient rose, He threw his blood⁓stain'd sword in thunder down. 1821Shelley Hellas 729 Revenge and Wrong bring forth their kind, The foul cubs like their parents are.
b. A desire to repay injuries by inflicting hurt in return. † Also in pl.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iii (1605) 299 Fury in his eyes and reuenge in his heart. 1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 10, I haue forgiuen and forgotten all, Though my reuenges were high bent vpon him. 1667Milton P.L. i. 35 Th' infernal Serpent.., whose guile Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd The Mother of Mankinde. 1690Norris Beatitudes (1694) 186 That he be free from Revenge, which is another great Trespasser against Peace. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Luke vi. 29 Revenge is a very troublesome and vexatious passion. 1800Cogan Passions ii. ii. (1802) 166 Revenge is an insatiable desire to sacrifice every consideration of pity and humanity to the principle of vindictive justice. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxviii. (1878) 490 Revenge had passed away, but revenge is of death and deadly.
2. With possessive pron.a. One's desire to be revenged, or the gratification of this.
a1547Surrey æneid ii. 118 What if my chaunce were euer to return Victor to Arge, to folowe my reuenge. a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1605) 303 Being resolued to..satisfie her owne reuenge in their punishment. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. i. 56 If it will feede nothing else, it will feede my reuenge. 1611Bible Jer. xx. 10 We shall preuaile against him, and we shall take our reuenge on him. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 155 [He] breaks the Law, and protects himselfe for the future, by the terrour of his private revenge. a1771Gray Dante 15 Hear My Wrongs, and from them judge of my Revenge. 1797Nelson in Duncan Life (1806) 44 The Spaniards threaten us they will come out and take their revenge. 1841Emerson Ess., Prudence Wks. (Bohn) I. 97 On him who scorned the world, as he said, the scorned world wreaks its revenge. 1887Rider Haggard Allan Quatermain iv, I shook my fist in his face and vowed to have my revenge.
†b. The avenging of a person. Obs. rare.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. v. 35 You all consented vnto Salisburies death, For none would strike a stroake in his reuenge. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 32 His angels..doe ever attend either to their safeguard or revenge. 1653Nissena 151 Hearing that her beloved Doralbo had run hazard of his life, onely in her revenge.
3. A particular act of repaying injuries or wrongs. † Also const. of (= on).
1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. vii. 19 b, He ment to visit the town of Mousambick, and the dwellers therein, with some sufficient reuenge. 1625Bacon Ess., Revenge, Publique reuenges are, for the most part, Fortunate... But in priuate Reuenges it is not so. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. x. 28 In regard of the violent revenge he sought to do to the professors of the Christian Religion. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. II. 179 Led them up to London, to take a signal revenge of his enemies. 1819Shelley Cyclops 702, I have taken A full revenge for your unnatural feast. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. iv. vi. II. (1864) 310 The revenge suggested by the malice of Sabinianus was the public destruction of the works of Gregory.
4. Repayment of some wrong, injury, etc., by the infliction of hurt or harm.
1615G. Sandys Trav. (1637) 85 Whose chiefe employment is..to labour a revenge of wrongs, and a restitution of losses. 1625Bacon Ess., Of Revenge, The Reuenge of that wrong, putteth the Law out of Office. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 163 Which God in his mercy would not take speedy revenge of. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr tr. Ranke's Hist. Servia 59 It is remarkable that the revenge of murder is unknown.
b. In phr. in revenge of, in return or retaliation for. † Also (in good sense), in recompense for (obs.).
1559Queen Elizabeth in Strype Ann. Ref. (1824) I. ii. App. viii. 424 Censures of the churche,..how the popes have abusyd the same, in revenge of their owne private quarrels. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. ii. 110 As in reuenge of thy ingratitude, I throw thy name against the bruzing-stones. 1602Palmerin of Eng. i. l, Palmerin delivered the castle againe to Dramcisiand, who both in revenge of his worthinesse, and memorie of his owne good lucke called it the Invisible Fort of Fortune. 1680Morden Geogr. Rect., Asiatic Tartary (1685) 391 Destroyed in revenge of so great a danger. 1819Shelley Cyclops 616 Fire will burn his lamp-like eyes In revenge of such a feast!
†5. Punishment; chastisement. Obs.
1582N. T. (Rhem.) 1 Pet. ii. 14 Rulers as sent by him [God] to the revenge of malefactors. 1592Greene Philomela Wks. (Grosart) XI. 167 Therfore haue I here produced them in open court, that my dishonours may end in their reuenge. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 183 That my powerfull and miraculous revenges of thee [Pharaoh] might be declared abroad. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 660 Nor (if the Fates assist not) canst thou scape The just Revenge of that intended Rape.
6. An opportunity of retaliation or retrieval; spec. in cards, chess, etc., a return game, esp. in phr. to give one (his) revenge.
1672Wycherley Love in a Wood v. vi, I am afraid then you would give me my revenge, and make me jealous of you. 1731–8Swift Polite Conv. iii, Well, Miss, you'll have a sad Husband, you have such good Luck at Cards... Well, my Lady Smart, I'll give you Revenge whenever you please. 1830‘Eidrah Trebor’ Hoyle Made Familiar 106 (Ecarte), Bets..made on condition of revenge are binding only against the winner. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xlii, He gives me my revenge, mind,..he stakes coin against coin. 1850Thackeray Pendennis xliii, Three hundred [gold napoleons] which I had lost when I had my revenge.
7. attrib., as revenge-killing, revenge play, revenge seeker, revenge tragedy.
1975O. Sela Bengali Inheritance xvii. 147 That war was long over... A revenge killing after all this time was absurd.
1967Revenge play [see noia]. 1980Dædalus Spring 133 He made Hamlet out of the tired revenge play tradition.
1961Guardian 25 Nov. 1/4 It was essential..to ‘tie the hands of West German militarists and revenge-seekers’.
1957N. Frye Anat. Crit. 209 The revenge-tragedy is a simple tragic structure. 1977S. Schoenbaum William Shakespeare x. 154 Chettle..is remembered, if at all, for his revenge tragedy of Hoffman.
▪ II. revenge, v.|rɪˈvɛndʒ|
Also 5 Sc. reweng, raweng(e; 6 reueng.
[a. obs. F. revenger (var. of revencher, mod.F. revancher), f. re- re- + venger to venge.]
1. a. refl. To avenge oneself; to take revenge on or upon (rarely of) a person for (or † of) a wrong, injury, insult, etc., received or resented. Also without const.
1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 232 He tuk purpos for to ryde..in-till Scotland, Till revenge hym, with stalward hand, Of the tray, travaill, and of teyne. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 199 Quhethir gif ane abbot wald slaa ane of his monkis, quhethir aw he to defend him agayn his abbot, and to revenge him. 1530Palsgr. 690/1 Who so ever doth me a displeasure, I wyll revenge me and I can. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 275 In the whiche thing verely, I will so revenge me upon you. a1593Marlowe Edw. II, v. i, Methinks I should revenge me of my wrongs. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 322 Know my omnipotence, and how easily I can revenge my self. 1672Wycherley Love in a Wood v. vi, You would not revenge yourself upon the parson? 1818J. C. Hobhouse Hist. Illustr. (ed. 2) 435 Monti at least revenged himself of Pius for placing him below Metastasio. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xii. 520 He saw that his true policy was not to revenge himself by executions and confiscations.
b. In pass. Chiefly const. of, on, or upon.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. iv. v. 524 Hir awantagis for to se How best scho mycht rawengit be. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 30 b, Josue commaunded the sonne to stande styll in one place, vnto he were reuenged vpon his ennemyes. 1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. i. 30 How shall I be reueng'd on him? for reueng'd I will be? 1602― Ham. iii. iii. 75 Now Ile doo't, and so he goes to Heauen, And so am I reueng'd. 1683W. Penn Acc. in Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. (1685) 116 In this they are sufficiently revenged on us. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 331/2 Failing in that, she was amply revenged upon him in the next Reign. 1773Observ. State of Poor 67 The poor are but too often revenged on their oppressors, by making reprisals on their property. 1820Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) IV. xi. 382 She has..a most decided desire to be revenged of him.
2. trans. To inflict punishment or exact retribution for (an injury, harm, wrong, etc., done to oneself or another).
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 199 He is behaldin to defend him[self], and to revenge his dede at all his powere agayn him that wald sla him. 1470–85Malory Arthur xx. x. 814 Therfor lete vs shape a remedy for to reuenge their dethes. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xi. (Percy Soc.) 44 Who is opprest with a lytell wrong, Revengyng it he may it soone encrease. 1573L. Lloyd Marrow of Hist. (1653) 242 Princes ought not to do wrong, nor yet revenge wrong with wrong. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 25 One of the wounded desirous to revenge his hurt [etc.]. a1727Newton Chronol. Amended (1728) 246 Her brother.. was slain, and she revenged his death. 1779Johnson L.P., West (1787) IV. 201 They revenged the disappointment by calling him a Methodist. 1819Shelley Cyclops 704, I should have done ill to have burned down Troy And not revenged the murder of my comrades. 1865Kingsley Herew. ix, So Hereward went off to..revenge the wrongs of the Countess Gertrude.
b. Const. on or upon (a person).
1608Shakes. Per. iii. iii. 24 The gods revenge it upon me and mine, To the end of generation! 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Wars 275 Supposing..that the Clemency of the Enemy would not break its wonted bounds, and revenge the injury upon the innocent pledges. 1721Swift Proposal Irish Manuf. ⁋18 When my Betters give me a Kick I am apt to revenge it with six upon my Footman. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop vi, Kit..felt more than half-disposed to revenge the fact upon him.
c. To maintain, uphold, or vindicate (one's cause, etc.) by some act of retribution or punishment.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 51 As communly passionate persones doth, lyke wood beestes, in reuengynge theyr owne quarelles. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 169 That his authoritie was so miraculously reuenged with the horrible destruction of Chorah, Dathan, and Abiron. 1592Greene Conny Catch. 23 The woman wept for anger that she had not some one by that might with iustice reuenge her quarrell. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iii. v. (1715) 51 Who undertook to revenge the Quarrel of Athens on the Bœotians.
3. To avenge (a person, etc.).
1470–85Malory Arthur ix. xxxii. 389, I wille be in the feld with you and reuenge you of youre enemyes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 90 To the intent he myght revenge his kynsfolkes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. ii. 71 b, [He] reuenged and set at libertie his countrie and people. 1799Sheridan Pizarro ii. i, He may revenge, but cannot save thee. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 593 The brother of the deceased immediately took up arms to revenge him.
†4. To punish, to exact punishment for (a wrong, crime, or sin). Obs.
1563Homilies ii. xvii. i. (1640) 236 What is the cause of penury and scarceness..but a token of Gods yre revenging our wrongs and injuries done one to another. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 160 If there were..a God that woulde reuenge the oppression of the widdowes and fatherlesse. 1611Bible Ecclus. v. 3 The Lord will surely reuenge thy pride. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 709 Revenge the Crime, and take the Traytor's Head. 1713Garth Epil. to Addison's Cato 8 Would you revenge such rash resolves—you may.
†b. To inflict punishment or take revenge upon (a person). Obs.
1573L. Lloyd Marrow of Hist. (1653) 237 Dion of Alexandria, who with silence revenged more his foes than with words. 1580in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 95 She is without a lawful heire..who may either reward her frinds or revenge her enemies. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. iv. 13, I will rescue my childe, and revenge the wrong-doer.
5. absol. To take vengeance or revenge.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 199 Agayn him selff he will nocht geve him nouthir leve na gude will, to revenge agayn him. 1573L. Lloyd Marrow of Hist. (1653) 240 Princes that revenge hastily, and especially wrongfully. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. i. xi. (1622) 20 Germanicus..had an armie in readinesse to reuenge vpon the rebels. 1611Bible Nahum i. 2 The Lord reuengeth, and is furious. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 16 In that he..was both grievously displeased with these sinnes and yet loath to revenge. |