| 释义 |
▪ I. -ary1, suffix of adjs. and ns.,
ad. L. -āri-us, -āri-um. The regular phonetic repr. of these in OF. was -air, but most of the words that actually lived on into OF. had -ier (app. by confusion with words in -iārium or -erium, of which -ier was the regular repr.), in AFr. -er, instances of which still remain in Eng. primer, danger, antiphoner, and names of trades and offices, like carpenter, usher (Fr. huissier, L. ostiārius), while others, as bursar, calendar, mortar, vicar, have recently been refashioned with -ar after Latin. But in words of later learned adaptation in Fr., -ārius, -um were represented by -aire; in AFr. and ME. -arie, later -arye, now -ary, as L. contrārius, Fr. contraire, Eng. contrarie, contrarye, now contrary; and this is the regular form in which L. words in -ārius, -arium, or their Fr. representatives in -aire are now adapted in Eng., and on which new analogical formations are modelled. More than 300 such exist in the language, comprising:—
A. adjs. repr. (or on analogy of) L. -ārius ‘connected with, pertaining to’; as arbitrary, contrary, elementary, honorary, mercenary, necessary, primary, secondary, tertiary, voluntary.
B. ns.
1. repr. (or on analogy of) L. -ārius ‘a man (or male) belonging to or engaged in’; as actuary, adversary, antiquary, apothecary, commentary (liber), February, January (mensis), lapidary, secretary.
2. repr. (or on analogy of) L. -ārium ‘a thing connected with or employed in, a place for’; as aviary, breviary, diary, dictionary, formulary, glossary, granary, ovary, piscary, reliquary, salary, sanctuary, vocabulary. See also -arium.
3. repr. L. (often mediæval) -āria (Fr. -aire, -arie), forming fem. ns. with same sense; as Calvary, fritillary.
Add:[A.] 2. Chiefly Math. and Logic. [f. -ary in unary, binary, ternary, etc.] Used with a preceding symbol (usu. n) to designate a function, operator, etc., having the number of arguments represented by the symbol. Cf. arity n., *-adic 2.
1940E. T. Bell Devel. Math. xx. 401 An m-ary n-ic..is a homogeneous polynomial, with arbitrary constant coefficients, of degree n in m independent variables. 1964J. J. Katz in Fodor & Katz Struct. of Lang. 526 The amalgam is assigned to the set of paths associated with the node (i.e., the point at which an n-ary branching occurs). 1968P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory iv. 65 A priori, there are two fundamentally different types of relation which could obtain for a particular binary phonological feature Fi and its n-ary (N>2) phonetic correspondent... Suppose that the phonetic feature is 3-ary. 1985Computer Jrnl. XXVIII. 105/1 The present paper also generalises the formulation of the consistent labelling problem as an N-ary constraint satisfaction problem.
▪ II. -ary2, suffix of adjs.;
occasional ad. L. -ār-is (stem -āri) ‘of the kind of, belonging to.’ Of this the regular repr. in mod. Eng. is -ar1, q.v. But even in Latin several of these words had forms both in -āris and -ārius; and in later Fr. words of literary introduction, both these L. endings are levelled under -aire, e.g. L. contrārius, mīlitāris, Fr. contraire, militaire. Hence, as Fr. -aire from -ārius gives -ary in Eng., Fr. -aire from -āris has occasionally also been adapted as -ary instead of the more regular -ar; e.g. capillary, exemplary, maxillary, military, salutary. |