| 释义 |
artist, n. and a.|ˈɑːtɪst|
Also 6 artiste.
[a. F. artiste, a. It. artista:—late L. artista, f. ars art: see -ist.]
A. n. One who practises or is skilled in any art.I. One skilled in the ‘liberal’ or learned arts.
†1. One who is master of the liberal arts (see art n. 7); a Master of Arts, learned man, philosopher. Obs.
1592Chettle Kind-Harts Dr. (1841) 7 Idiots that think themselues artists because they can English an obligation. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 24 The Wise and Foole, the Artist and vn-read. 1653Urquhart Rabelais ii. x, He held dispute against all the Regents or Fellows of Colledges, Artists or Masters of Arts. 1680T. Lawson (title) A Mite in the Treasury; being a Word to Artists, especially the Heptatechnists, or Professors of the Seuen Liberal Sciences. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Artist, in an academical sense, denotes a philosopher or proficient in the faculty of arts.
†2. gen. One who pursues some practical science; a scientific man, man of science, savant. Obs.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 288 The Moon, whose Orb Through Optic Glass the Tuscan Artist views. 1686[see 3 b].
†3. spec.:
†a. A professor of the healing art; a medical practitioner, physician, surgeon.
1592Chettle Kind-Harts Dr. (1841) 21 They must be artistes that are able to..resist the disease, by prouiding remedies. 1601Shakes. All's Well ii. iii. 10 Relinquisht of the Artists..both of Galen and Paracelsus. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. lxxx. 695 Let the Artist grasp the Fracture with both his hands. 1761Smollett Gil Blas iii. vii, Luckily my wounds were not mortal, and I fell into the hands of a skilful artist.
†b. A professor of magic arts or occult sciences; an astrologer or alchemist; later, a chemist. Obs.
c1605Rowley Birth Merl. iv. i, The artists..That seek the secrets of futurity. 1641French Distill. vi. (1651) 175 In vain do Artists endeavour the reduction of metalls into their first matter. 1649tr. Du Ryer's Alcoran 413 The knauery and wickedness of the Artists, the foolishness of credulous people, who suffer themselues to be deluded by them. 1686W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chym. i. xvii. (ed. 3) 401 Volatile salts do rise from them which would very much incommode the Artist if he should hold his nose over it.
II. One skilled in the useful arts.
†4. gen. One who follows any pursuit or employment in which skill or proficiency is attainable by study or practice; hence
a. A skilled performer, a proficient, a connoisseur.
b. A practical man, as opposed to a theorist. Obs.
1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiv. (1596) 253 From which two extreams a king ought to be farther distant, than any other artist. 1600Chapman Iliad xxiii. 289 To make discharge of a design To please an artist. 1653Walton Angler 125, I will give you more directions concerning fishing; for I would fain make you an Artist. 1721Perry Daggenh. Breach 68 In all the questions..I had answer'd them like an Artist, and like a Workman. 1723De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 190 The mate was an excellent sea artist, and an experienced sailor. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §76 A body of theoretic Men only..There might be many of that denomination; yet there were also many real artists in this body.
†5.
a. A follower of a manual art; an artificer, mechanic, craftsman, artisan. Obs. exc. as in 6.
1633G. Herbert Priesth. iii. in Temple 155 Fitted by the fire and trade Of skilfull artists. 1718Pope Iliad xviii. 479 Then from his anvil the lame artist rose. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. lxv, A poor cobler sat in his stall..By this time my shoe was mended; and satisfying the poor artist for his trouble, etc. 1815Southey Roderick xii. 78 Greek artists in the imperial city forged That splendid armour.
†b. transf. or fig. Obs.
1660Stanley Hist. Philos. 157/2 A swarm of Bees, Artists of Hymettian Honey.
6. In this sense now influenced by 7 and applied to: One who practices a manual art in which there is much room for display of taste; one who makes his craft a ‘fine art.’ Cf. artiste.
1849Curzon Visits Monast. 316 We had a famous pilau, made by my artist [i.e. cook]. 1863Sat. Rev. 138 The definition of Ary Scheffer..sinks into nothing in contact with such phrases as photographic artist, artist in hair, artist in wax flowers, and the like. 1883Pall Mall G. 12 May (Supp.) Artists from the National Training School of Cookery will show the public..how fish ought to be cooked.
III. One who pursues an art which has as its aim to please.
7. a. gen. One who cultivates one of the fine arts, in which the object is mainly to gratify the æsthetic emotions by perfection of execution, whether in creation or representation.
It formerly included all who cultivated any of the arts presided over by the Muses, i.e. history, poetry, comedy, tragedy, music, dancing, astronomy; hence the application to actors, musicians, dancers, and perhaps Milton's ‘artist’ = astronomer in 2.
1581Sidney Def. Poesie (Arb.) 52 The other Artists, & especially the Historian, affirming many things, can..hardly escape from many lyes. But the Poet..neuer affirmeth..but euen for his entry, calleth the sweete Muses to inspire into him a good inuention. 1853Maurice Proph. & Kings xx. 345 A man should be an artist to write a biography as much as to write a romance. 1855H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. iii. (1878) 109 The true poet is always a true artist and words are the instruments of his art. 1876Gladstone Homer. Synch. 190 [Homer] was too skilled an artist to bring freely upon the stage any figure which could vie with the subject of his song.
b. fig.
c1842Tennyson Memory v, Well hast thou done, great artist, Memory.
8. spec.:
†a. One skilled in music. Obs. exc. as in 7: see artiste.
1590Plain Perc. 21 Argues a bad eare, & a bungling Artist. 1674Playford Skill of Mus. i. v. 19 If an Instrument be sounded by another who is an Artist. 1712Addison Spect. No. 405 ⁋1 That excellent Artist..having shewn us the Italian Musick in its Perfection.
b. One skilled in dramatic art; hence extended to any public performer: see artiste.
1714Spect. No. 570 ⁋1 You may often see an Artist in the Streets gain a Circle of Admirers by carrying a long Pole upon his Chin. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 102 All who live by amusing the leisure of others, from the painter and the comic poet, down to the ropedancer and the Merry Andrew. For these artists well knew that, etc. 1853C. Brontë Villette xxiii. (1876) 250 He told me his opinion of..the actress: he judged her as a woman, not an artist.
c. Now especially: One who practises the arts of design; one who seeks to express the beautiful in visible form. In this sense sometimes taken to include sculptors, engravers, and architects; but popularly, and in the most usual current acceptation of the word, restricted to: One who cultivates the art of painting as a profession.
1747J. Spence (title) Polymetis: an Enquiry concerning the agreement between the works of the Roman Poets and the Remains of the Ancient Artists. 1762H. Walpole (title) Anecdotes of Painting in England, with some Account of the principal Artists. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) 209 The artist, who shall produce..the most beautiful vase of china. 1821Craig Drawing, etc. i. 24 Aristides..was the first artist who found a way to express the passions of the mind in the countenances of his figures. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede 86 She's a perfect Hebe; and if I were an artist, I would paint her.
IV. One who practises artifice.
†9. One who practises artifice, stratagem, or cunning contrivance; a schemer, contriver. Obs.
1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iii. ii. (1654) 181 The Devill is a most skilfull Artist. a1677Barrow Serm. on Contentm., Those slippery, wily, artists, who can veer any whither with any wind. 1723De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 51 The young artist that has done this roguery. 1813Scott Rokeby vi. xxxii, A lifetime's arts, in vain essay'd, Are bursting on their artist's head!
10. Usu. preceded by a defining word: a person, ‘chap’, ‘fellow’; also, one devoted to or unusually proficient in something (reprehensible). U.S., Austral., and N.Z. slang.
1890Farmer Slang I. 75/1 Artist (American thieves'), an adroit rogue; a skilful gamester. 1919Downing Digger Dial. 9 One-star artist—a second lieutenant. 1932Runyon in Wentworth & Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang (1960) 468/2 Chiv artist. 1934Bulletin (Sydney) 22 Aug. 49/2 Syd..classified him as a species of booze-artist. 1940Ibid. 3 Jan. 35/4 Dingbatting to a one-pip artist may be a bit more free and easy. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 6 Artist, a fellow, a bloke. An expert, a specialist; also one who indulges in excesses, e.g., ‘bilge a.’, ‘booze a.’, ‘bull a.’. 1949D. M. Davin Roads from Home iii. 49 A real artist for the booze, isn't he?
11. attrib. and Comb.
1894G. B. Shaw Music in London 1890–4 (1931) III. 177, I still call for the artist-craftsman to give us once more a flute that is a flute, and a trumpet that is a trumpet. 1902Westm. Gaz. 27 June 2/3 The artist-author has studied his subjects from every point of view. 1908Athenæum 25 July 108/2 The monotonous laments of the artist-hero Tikipu. 1929S. W. Cheney Theatre xxiii. 517 The development of artist-directors stimulated interest in the search for ‘form’ as an attribute of stage art. 1939O. Lancaster Homes Sweet Homes 62 An ‘artist designed’ table of unstained oak. 1959Halas & Manvell Technique Film Animation 13 A few individual artist-producers who have managed to combine a characteristic style of work with adequate business organization.
B. adj. [a. F. artiste adj. (in Montaigne), or attrib. use of n.] Artistic, skilful.
1603Florio Montaigne (1632) 62 The most artist productions. 1713Lond. & Countr. Brewer i. (1742) Pref., I have here also divulged the Nostrum of the Artist Brewer. |