| 释义 |
retractor|rɪˈtræktə(r)|
[See retract v.1 and -or, and cf. F. rétracteur.]
1. Surg. A bandage or other appliance, used, in various operations, to hold back parts that would impede the operator.
1846F. Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Man. Oper. Surg. 214 He isolates the bones, carrying the knife round them in a figure of eight, and puts on the retractor or split bandage with three ends. Ibid. 288 Instead of passing the retractors under the lids, Guerin prefers in each case applying them on the cutaneous surface. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 482 The upper lid was raised with Noyes's retractor.
2. Anat.
a. A muscle which serves to retract a limb or member.
1837Farre in Phil. Trans. CXXVII. 401 The muscular apparatus consists of the gastric and tentacular retractors. 1851Woodward Mollusca 27 It corresponds to the posterior retractors in the bivalves. 1883D. W. Thompson tr. Müller's Fertil. Fl. 59 The bee by rotating the retractors..draws back the mentum, and with it the tongue.
b. So retractor muscle.
1837Farre in Phil. Trans. CXXVIII. 400 It appeared to be distinct from the retractor muscles. 1883Huxley Elem. Biol. 194 Within these is a retractor muscle with similar attachments, ensheathing the optic nerve.
3. = extractor 3.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1925/2 Retractor, a device by which the metallic cartridge-cases employed in breech-loading guns are withdrawn after firing.
4. Chess. (See quot. 1907.)
1902Brit. Chess Mag. 455 Two-move retractors. 1907S. S. Blackburne Terms & Themes Chess Probl. 33 Retractors. Problems wherein the conditions require that the last move of one, or both, of the players shall be retracted, and that, when this is done, the problem shall be solved according to the usual conditions. 1937T. R. Dawson Caissa's Wild Roses in Clusters 14/1 A simple changed-mate retractor theme. |