| 释义 |
▪ I. † retinol1 Chem. Obs.|ˈrɛtɪnɒl|
Also -ole.
[f. Gr. ῥητίνη resin + -ol.]
(See quots. 1875 and 1893.)
1838R. D. Thomson in Brit. Ann. 330 Retinole. 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. (1862) 585 Common rosin is thus found to furnish..Terebene, Colophene,..Retinol, Naphthalin. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 702 Retinole, a hydrocarbon, obtained from the turpentine-resins. 1893Allen Handbk. Local Therapeutics 389 Retinol, when pure, is simply a hydrocarbon..in the form of a viscid fluid similar in appearance to castor oil, with a peculiar odor.
▪ II. retinol2 Biochem.|ˈrɛtɪnɒl|
[f. retina + -ol.]
Either of vitamins A1 and A2 (spec. the former), which are yellow carotenoid alcohols of formulæ C20H30O and C20H28O respectively; (sometimes followed by distinguishing numeral).
1960Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXXII. 5581/1 The pure substance hitherto known as vitamin A1 or axerophthol shall be designated retinol. 1968A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) l. 1048 Vitamin A activity in mammals is exhibited by α-, β-, and γ-carotenes, by retinol and retinol2..and by a few other carotenoids. 1976Nature 4 Mar. 49/2 Vitamin A (retinol) is a nutrient essential for vision, growth, reproduction and proper differentiation of epithelial tissue.
Also retiˈnoic a., in retinoic acid, the carboxylic acid obtained from retinol by oxidation; hence retiˈnoate, the anion of this; ˈretinyl attrib., denoting esters of retinol; retiˈnylidene, [-idene], the group in which form retinal exists in rhodopsin, i.e. a side chain linked to opsin by a double bond formed in a condensation reaction between the aldehyde group of retinal and an amino group of the opsin.
1960Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXXII. 5581/1 The pure substance hitherto known as vitamin A acid shall be designated retinoic acid. 1968A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) l. 1049 Retinyl esters, the form present in ingested liver and fish-liver oils, are hydrolyzed in the intestine. Ibid., Retinoic acid..readily replaces retinol in the rat diet. 1969Nature 1 Feb. 435/1 There could perhaps be a direct interaction between the charged quanidinium ion and the molecular orbitals of the retinyledene [sic] chromophore. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xxvi. 645 Since it won't save vision, it is apparent that retinoate is not readily reduced to retinal. Ibid., Polar bear livers..contain as much as 30 micromoles of retinyl esters per gram—a 20-year supply for a human in each pound. 1973Nature 16 Nov. 166/2 The only action of light in vision is the photoisomerisation of the 11-cis retinylidene (derived from vitamin A aldehyde) prosthetic or chromophoric group of rhodopsin, from the 11-cis to the all-trans configuration. 1976Ibid. 4 Mar. 49/2 Some retinol is oxidised to retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) in vivo, but if an animal is provided with retinoic acid in place of dietary retinol, it can only partially substitute for the missing retinol. |