| 释义 |
armature|ˈɑːmətjʊə(r)|
[ad. L. armātūra armour (perh. through 15–16th c. Fr. armature), f. armāt- ppl. stem of armāre to arm: see -ure. The same L. word coming down through OF. armeure, is now armour n.]
1. Arms, armour, military accoutrement; esp. defensive armour.
1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. ii. v. 65 Mars was the first who furnished armature. 1699Phil. Trans. XXI. 165 Swords, Daggers, or the like sort of Armiture. 1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 340 Take for example the armature of the Infantry..Pay, clothing, food..and armature with the common musquet. 1850Blackie æschylus II. 243 Massy armature of shields.
2. fig. esp. in Theol. lang. [Cf. Vulg. Eph. vi. 11 Induite armaturam Dei; Wyclif ‘armure,’ Tindale ‘armoure.’] (The earliest use in Eng.)
1542Becon Pathw. Prayer (1843) 144 Prayer is truly called a..heavenly armature. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 34 Not the armour of Achilles, but the Armature of St. Paul. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. iii. iii. (1868) 269 That armature of strength upon his feeling that enables him to inflict pain without shrinking.
†3. Armed troops. (So in Lat.) Obs.
1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xiv. xi. 26 Captaine of the Armature [Armaturarum Tribunus]. 1765Tucker Lt. Nat. I. 474 We mean no attacks either upon your battalion or light armature.
4. The art of protecting with armour, or with defensive materials.
1611J. Guillim Heraldrie iv. viii. 207 For by Armature we vnderstand not onely those things which appertaine to Military profession, but also those defensiue Sciences of Masonry and Carpentry and Metall works. 1721Bailey, Armature, Armour; also Skill in Arms.
5. transf. Protective or defensive covering of animals or plants; occas. apparatus of attack.
1662More Antid. Ath. ii. viii. (1712) 64 His [a horse's] Hoofs are made so fit for..that round armature of Iron. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. iv. xii. 221 Some with Scales, some with Shells, and some with firm and stout Armature. 1816Keith Phys. Bot. II. 76 Armature..to defend the plant against the attack of animals. 1861Hulme Moquin-Tandon ii. vii. iv. 353 Having its mouth provided with a corneous armature. 1874Wood Nat. Hist. 631 Destroying them with the terrible armature called the tooth-ribbon.
6. a. Magnetism. A piece of soft iron placed in contact with the poles of a magnet, which preserves and increases the magnetic power; or any arrangement which produces the same result. †b. Electr. The coatings of tinfoil on the inside and outside of a Leyden jar (obs.; in Fr.).
1752Johnson Rambl. No. 199 ⁋13 The efficacy of the magnet..depends much upon its armature. 1871tr. Schellen's Spectrum Anal. §ii. 33 And the magnet, becoming weaker, lets loose the armature.
7. a. Arch. ‘Iron bars or framing employed in the consolidation of a building.’ Parker Conc. Gloss. Arch. 1846. (So in Fr.)
b. A framework of wire, wood, etc., round which a sculptor builds a clay or plaster model.
1903E. Lanteri Modelling II. 137 (caption) Armature in Twisted Copper Wire. 1947J. C. Rich Materials & Methods of Sculpture ii. 29 Armatures constructed of flexible metal wire, pipe or tubing are very often employed as artificial ‘skeletons’ or supporting structures over which the ‘flesh’ or clay is formed and shaped. Ibid. 35 There are several types of armatures available commercially for use as supports in modeling heads, busts, and figures.
8. a. Electr. [from 6 a.] A core of laminated iron wound round by coils of insulated copper wire in which an electrical current is generated when it rotates in a magnetic field (as in a dynamo), or which, when a current is passed through the wire, provides the motive power (in a motor). Also applied to the moving member in any electromagnetic device, as a relay, electric bell, etc.
1835W. Sturgeon in London & Edin. Phil. Mag. Sept. 233, I produce electric shocks..by revolving coils of wire (having an iron axis or armature) in front of the poles of a horse-shoe magnet. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 575/1 Since these inductors are very commonly mounted on an iron structure, which may be likened to the keeper or ‘armature’ of a magnet rotating between its poles, the term ‘armature’ has been extended to cover not only the iron core, but also the wires on it, and is often applied to the copper conductors themselves even when there is no iron core. 1922Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 198/1 Alternators are made in almost all cases with the armature stationary, and the field revolving. 1931Boys' Mag. XLV. 157/1 The aerial wires are connected to opposite sides of the buzzer interrupter, one to the fixed contact and the other to the pillar carrying the vibrating armature.
b. attrib. and Comb.
1884F. Krohn tr. Glaser de Cew's Magn.- & Dyn.- Electric Mach. 34 The armature-bobbins revolve as near the magnetic poles as possible. Ibid. 247 The employment of only half as many inducing magnets as of armature magnets. 1902J. Black Illustr. Carp. & Build. Techn. Man. ii. vii. 79 The winding of the armature conductors inside insulating tubes. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 580/1 The separate small sections of the armature winding. 1908Daily Chron. 24 Aug. 9/6 Armature winder wanted. 1910Encycl. Brit. VIII. 768/1 The iron armature core must be laminated. 1934B.B.C. Year-Bk. 172 An alarm..operates in the event of the occurrence of a leakage between either armature winding and the armature iron. |