| 释义 |
▪ I. prelude, n.|ˈprɛljuːd, ˈpriːljuːd, -luːd|
Also 6 preludie, 6–7 prælude.
[a. F. prélude (Rabelais, 1532), ad. late or med.L. prælūdium, f. prælūdĕre: see next. The first pronunciation prevails in Great Britain.]
†1. Preliminary play, before the real performance.[Cf. Thomæ Thes. nov. Lat. in Quicherat Addenda, Præludium, parvus ludus, majorem præcedens.] 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Cri. It is the sute of the strange opponent..to see some light stroke of his play, commenced with some other... Amo. Is it your sute Monsieur, to see some prælude of my scholer?
2. A preliminary performance, action, event, or condition, coming before and introducing one of more importance; an introduction, preface (to a literary work).
1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. lxi. 435 margin, The begynninges and preludies of the Empyre translated. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xxxviii. 227 It is well knowen that dancing can be no better but a prelude to whoredome, to open an entrie purposely vnto Satan. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 220 To bring this Kirk of Scotland backward to them [Popish ceremonies], (a prelude whereof wes vote in Parliament so eagerlie gone about by the King). 1682Dryden Mac Fl. 37 My warbling lute..Was but the prelude to that glorious day. a1704T. Brown Praise of Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 97 Their smiles are but the preludes of their hate. 1844Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 115 They say it is the prelude to clear weather. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1875) III. xii. 214 A sort of prelude to the still greater work which he had to do. 1889Mod. Lang. Notes IV. 350 Grein's sixteenth Canto of the ‘Christ’.., is a transitional passage... The whole passage forms a kind of interlude, while it is also a prelude to Part III. 1892J. Earle Deeds of Beowulf p. xxiv, It is not easy to account for this Prelude, which really throws no light on the poem, nor in any way helps the narrative. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 722 Functional changes [in glands]..generally form a prelude to structural changes.
3. Mus. A movement or piece forming the introduction to a musical work; esp. such a movement preceding a fugue or forming the first piece of a suite.
1658Phillips, Prælude,..in Musick it is taken for a voluntary or flourish upon any instrument. a1679Hobbes Rhet. (1840) 500 In some kinds of orations it resembles the prelude of musicians, who first play what they list, and afterwards the tune they intended. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2081/4 Airs for the Violin: To wit, Preludes, Fuges, Allmands, Sarabands. 1880Tennyson Ballads & P., Sisters 2 By their clash, And prelude on the keys, I know the song. 1881H. F. Frost in Grove Dict. Mus. III. 28 Prelude,..a preliminary movement, ostensibly an introduction to the main body of a work, but frequently of intrinsic and independent value and importance.
fig.1749Smollett Regicide iii. ii, O welcome messenger! How sweetly sounds Thy prelude! 1845–6Trench Huls. Lect. Ser. ii. iii. 179 The world, with all its discords, has had also its preludes to the great harmonies of redemption. 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 382 In such prelude old..Sang their deep divination.
attrib.a1845Hood Storm at Hastings x, So the hoarse thunder Growl'd long—but low—a prelude note of death. 1887J. W. Ebsworth in Roxb. Ball. VI. 254 note, Also to the same tune is marked, ‘The Sweet Salutation on Primrose-Hill; or, I know you not’... It has the prelude versicle:—‘I know you not! What, doth the times so change? [etc.].’
▪ II. prelude, v.
(see below)
[ad. L. prælūd-ĕre to play beforehand, prelude, preface, f. præ, pre- A. 1 + lūdĕre to play; so F. préluder (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.). All the verse quots. and the dictionaries down to c 1830 have (priːˈljuːd); Smart 1836 has |ˈprɛljuːd|, after the n., and this is now usual, esp. in the musical sense 3. Tennyson has both: see quots.]
1. a. trans. To precede as a prelude or preliminary action; to serve as a prelude to; to prepare the way for, introduce; to foreshadow.
1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. i. Rules & Lessons, The Sun now stoops, and hastes his beams to hide Under the dark and melancholy Earth. All but preludes thy End. a1700Dryden Ovid xv. (1810) 549/2 When the gray Of morn preludes the splendour of the day. 1703Rowe Ulyss. ii. i. 822 The gath'ring Storm That grumbles in the Air, preluding Ruin. 1768Pennant Zool. II. 252 Their immersion was preluded by a dirge of a quarter of an hour's length. 1832Tennyson Dream Fair Women 7 Dan Chaucer, the first warbler, whose sweet breath Preluded those melodious bursts. 1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases xxvi. 392 Being..preluded by an outburst more severe than usual of fever.
b. Of a personal or other agent: To introduce with a prelude or preliminary action.
1697Dryden æneid xii. 160 Proudly he bellows, and preludes the fight. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) II. lviii. 252 He also preludes his work by saying [etc.]. 1860Adler Fauriel's Prov. Poetry v. 109 A priest preluded with some prayer or pious ceremony these rounds and these profane songs. 1879H. Spencer Data of Ethics vi. §38. 95 The necessity for preluding the study of moral science, by the study of biological science. 1915J. Buchan Nelson's Hist. War II. ix. 34 Von Kluck preluded it [sc. an enveloping movement] by a heavy bombardment of Binche and Bray.
†c. To compose as a prelude. Obs. rare.
1785Eng. Rev. VI. 204 ‘May I ask what subject employs your thoughts?’ ‘I am preluding a preface’.
2. a. intr. To give a prelude or introductory performance to some later action.
1660N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. ii. (1682) 16 They prelude to them with Tears. 1697Dryden Virg. (1721) I. Ded. 9 He found the strength of his Genius betimes, and was even in his Youth preluding to his Georgics, and his æneis. a1729Congreve tr. Ovid's Art of Love iii. Wks. 1773 III. 279 So love, preluding, plays at first with hearts, And after wounds with deeper piercing darts. 1854De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. Wks. II. 164 He had also preluded to this great work, in a little English medical tract.
b. To form a prelude, to be introductory (to).
1838–43Arnold Hist. Rome III. xliii. 140 The skirmishing of the light-armed troops preluded as usual to the battle. 1865Grote Plato I. xvii. 482 Much dramatic incident..preluding to the substantive discussion.
3. Music.
a. intr. To play a prelude or introductory movement before the main composition.
1678Dryden Limberham i. i, As a good musician always preludes before a tune. 1824S. E. Ferrier Inher. xxxiii, She..seated herself at the harp, and began to prelude. 1825Scott Talism. xxvi, So soon as he began to prelude,..his countenance glowed with energy and inspiration. a1945E. R. Eddison Mezentian Gate (1958) xxxix. 214 The musicians tuned their instruments, preluded and, when the murmur of talk was stilled.., struck up a cavatina.
b. trans. (a) To play as a prelude; (b) to introduce with a prelude.
1795Mason Ch. Mus. i. 63 If the Organist preludes an Anthem of Praise or Thanksgiving, a spirited movement is certainly in its place. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxviii, And I—my harp would prelude woe—I cannot all command the strings. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xii. 128 The accuser rises and preludes a few discords..on a tom-tom or drum. He then passes to the charge.
Hence preluding vbl. n. and ppl. a.; preluder, one who plays or performs a prelude; preˈludingly adv., in a prelusive manner (rare).
a1700Dryden Cinyras & Myrrha 220 At last..she..drew a long preluding sigh, and said, O happy mother in thy marriage bed! 1794Mathias Purs. Lit. (1798) 175 Bates sounds the soft preluding symphony. 1795Mason Ch. Mus. i. 60 Invention, science and execution, which Rousseau requires in a good Preluder. 1834Pringle Afr. Sk. vi. 214 Which much resembled the preluding quaver of the woodlark. 1841H. F. Chorley Music & Manners (1844) III. 246 Classical preluders and steady fuguists will come in time. 1847Bushnell Chr. Nurt. viii. (1861) 212 To act the preluding of the Christian love. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. v. ii. (1872) II. 66 The needful Parliamentary preludings are gone through. 1932J. Joyce in New Statesman 27 Feb. 261/1 Preludingly he conspews a portugaese into the gutter, recitativing. |