| 释义 |
▪ I. praise, n.|preɪz|
Forms: 5 preyse, 6–7 prayse, 6– praise, (6 prease, prayes, Sc. prais, prayis(s, 6–7 prase).
[f. praise v. Not known till after 1400, and not common till after 1500. Absent from Wright-Wülcker's Vocabs., Promp. Parv., and Catholicon. See also pres n.]
1. a. The action or fact of praising; the expression in speech of estimation or honour; commendation of the worth or excellence of a person or thing; eulogy; laud, laudation.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy) 3 This citee with lawde, preyse, and glorye, For joy moustered lyke the sone beme. 1526Tindale John xii. 43 For they loved the prayse that is geven off men, more then the prayse, that commeth of god. 1554–9Songs & Ball. (1860) 5, I wyll not paynt to purchace prayes. 1562Winȝet Cert. Tractatis i. (S.T.S.) I. 4 Albeit the time be schort, sumthing of ȝour prais man we speik. a1586Montgomerie Misc. Poems l. 35 Or had this nymphe bene in these dayis..Venus had not obtenit sic prayis. 1592Kyd Sol. & Pers. iii. i. 25 These praises..makes me wish that I had beene at Rhodes. a1631Donne Poems (1650) 95 He gave no prase, To any but my Lord of Essex dayes. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. vi. 30 The forme of Speech whereby men signifie their opinion of the Goodnesse of any thing, is Praise. 1742Young Night Th. vii. 420 Praise is the salt that seasons right to man, And whets his appetite for moral good. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 64 At the end of the conversation the king dismissed him with emphatic praise. a1908Mod. Those who have seen the work are loud in their praises of it.
b. Viewed as a condition or quality of the receiver: The fact or condition of being praised.
1533St. Papers Hen. VIII, VII. 463 Some good meane founden..to the noo litle prease and profet of boothe [King and Pope]. 1535Coverdale Ecclus. xliv. 13 For their sakes shal their children & sede contynue for euer, & their prayse [L. gloria eorum] shal neuer be put downe. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 632 For he the praises farre surmounts of his Progenitours. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 564 Reflecting still the same Honour, and Praise, and Glory upon it. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 180 The praise of politeness and vivacity could now scarcely be obtained except by some violation of decorum.
c. A laudatory utterance; spec. = praise poem.
1861tr. Casalis's Basutos ii. xvii. 328 We often heard them recite, with very dramatic gestures, certain pieces... The natives called these recitations praises. 1901G. M. Theal Rec. S.-E. Afr. VII. 202 When the king goes out he is surrounded and encircled by these marombes, who recite these praises to him with loud cries, to the sound of small drums, iron and bells. 1929Bantu Stud. (Johannesburg) July 201 We are concerned..with ‘Izibongo’ as the term denoting the ‘Praises’ of the Zulu Chiefs. 1937G. P. Lestrade in I. Schapera Bantu-Speaking Tribes S. Afr. xiii. 300 The tribal praise-poem reciter..makes a new praise from time to time. 1968T. Cope Izibongo: Zulu Praise-Poems 51 The most primitive type of praise-poem is simply a collection of praises consisting for the most part of single lines or verses. 1970R. Finnegan Oral Lit. in Afr. v. 111 The formalized praises which are directed publicly to kings, chiefs, and leaders, and which are composed and recited by members of a king's official entourage. 1979G. Fortune in Hodza & Fortune Shona Praise Poetry 3 Fragments of the praises of individual kings of the Changamire dynasty have come down to us included in the clan praises of the Rozvi.
2. The expression of admiration and ascribing of glory, as an act of worship; hence, as this is chiefly done in song, the musical part of worship.
14..in Tundale's Vision (1843) 127 Glorye and preyse laude and hye honoure O blisfull quene be gevon unto the. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vi. 44, I my selfe will lead a priuate Life, And in deuotion spend my latter dayes, To sinnes rebuke, and my Creators prayse. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 543 To Bacchus therefore let us tune our Lays, And in our Mother Tongue resound his Praise. 1750Gray Elegy x, The pealing anthem swells the note of praise. 1776Bp. Horne Comm. on Ps. xxxiii. 2 Music.. is of eminent use in setting forth the praises of God. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 114 The King rejoiced at his words, and said, Praise be to God. 1866Newman Hymn, Praise to the Holiest in the height, And in the depth be praise. 1866Direct. Angl. (ed. 3) 258 Praise of the Office. That portion of Matins and Even Song from the Gloria inclusive to the Credo exclusive. 1892Bp. Talbot Serm. (1896) 76 Praise, like every real part of true religion, fits on to human nature{ddd}by fulfilling, I think, two great human instincts. They are the instinct of admiration and the instinct of love.
3. transf.
a. That for which a person or thing is, or deserves to be, praised; praiseworthiness; merit, value, virtue. arch.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 12 All this processe we haue made to shewe the prayse & dignite of grace. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. i. (Arb.) 150 The chief prayse and cunning of our Poet is in the discreet vsing of his figures. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. v. i. 108 How many things by season, season'd are To their right praise, and true perfection. 1781Cowper Retirement 23 A restless crowd,..Whose highest praise is that they live in vain. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche June xix, When she should bear a boy To be her growing stay and godlike praise.
†b. An object or subject of praise. (Sometimes, esp. Sc. colloq., put instead of the divine name.) Obs.
1535Coverdale Deut. x. 21 He is thy prayse, & thy God. a1724Gaberlunȝieman v, She dancid her lane, cry'd, Praise be blest! I have ludg'd a leil poor man. 1738Gray Propertius iii. 104 Of all our youth the Ambition and the Praise! 1782Callander Anc. Scot. Poems 45 note, Praise be blest, God be praised. This is a common form still in Scotland with such as, from reverence, decline to use the sacred name. 1787Skinner Poet. Epist. to Burns xii, But thanks to praise, ye're i' your prime.
4. attrib. and Comb., as praise-folk, praise-giver, praise-prater, praise-song, praise-trap; (in sense 2) praise-book, praise-house, praise-meeting, praise-night, praise-offering, praise-portion, praise-time; praise-begging, praise-deserving, praise-giving, praise-winning, etc., adjs.; praise-house U.S., a small meeting-house for religious services; praise-leader Sc., the leader of the singing in a church; praise name, in Africa, a name or title used in ceremonial contexts; a name applied to the subject of a praise poem; praise poem, a laudatory poem; spec. one of a genre belonging to the oral tradition of certain African peoples; so praise poet, praise poetry; praise-reciter = praise poet above; praise song, a laudatory song; spec. in Africa, = praise poem above; so praise-singer, praise-singing; praise-way adv., in the way or direction of praise.
1899Westm. Gaz. 6 May 3/1 Giving to people who may use the Church Hymnary a guide..to use that *Praise Book with great interest and appreciation.
a1450Tourn. Tottenham 215 (Ritson) The *prayse-folk, that hur led, Wer of the torniment.
1565Harding in Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 242 It is *praisgiuing to God, and praying for the people, for Kings, for the rest.
1862H. Ware in E. W. Pearson Lett. from Port Royal (1906) 20, I went with him to the *praise-house, where he has his school. 1869T. W. Higginson Army Life 20 The little old church or ‘praise-house’.
1920C. Jerdan Scottish Clerical Stories xviii. 370 The minister..looked down over the side of the pulpit and said to the *praise-leader, ‘Is David ill?’
1862J. M. McKim in N. Amer. & U.S. Gaz. 14 July 1/8 When dey come to de *praise meeting dat night dey sing about it. 1862H. Ware in E. W. Pearson Lett. from Port Royal (1906) 36 He had been up to the praise-meeting by Uncle Peter's invitation. 1863H. G. Spaulding in Continental Monthly Aug. 195/1 The present opportunities for religious worship which the freedmen enjoy consist of their ‘praise meetings’—similar in most respects to our prayer meetings.
1904D. Kidd Essential Kafir ii. 91 If the trouble does not vanish..the people..say to the spirits, ‘When have we ceased to kill cattle for you, and when have we ever refused to praise you by your *praise-names?’ 1932C. Fuller Louis Trigardt's Trek vii. 79 Molamoso ruled the country... This refers, however, to Legadimane, whose family or ‘praise name’ was Molamoso. 1935Critic (Cape Town) Oct. 2 The Tswana-speaking clan called the Ba Ra Moseki has as its praise-name the name Mokwena (from kwena, ‘crocodile’, the ‘totem’ of the clan), and every member of that clan is addressed as Mokwena on suitable occasions. 1968T. Cope Izibongo: Zulu Praise Poems i. ii. 26 A clan name is the personal name of its founder, and personal names are essentially praise-names. 1979G. Fortune in Hodza & Fortune Shona Praise Poetry 71 The praise name is the most frequently used construction in praise poetry... Structurally the praise name is a single noun or a single complex nominal construction, one of whose constituents is a class affix.
1864H. Ware in E. W. Pearson Lett. from Port Royal (1906) 253 It was not *praise-night. 1867Nation (N.Y.) 30 May 432/2 But the true ‘shout’ takes place on Sundays or on ‘praise’ nights..either in the praise-house or in some cabin.
a1711Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 255 Soon as *Praise-offerings at the Throne I pay.
1935Critic (Cape Town) Oct. 4 A *praise-poem..consists of a number of stanzas, following each other in different order in different versions of the same poem. 1957S. Einarsson Hist. Icelandic Lit. 44 Most scholars assume that skaldic poetry originated at the courts of kings, the poems being praise poems to celebrate the deeds of these kings. 1965I. Schapera Praise Poems of Tswana Chiefs 6 It is still..common for someone to..recite praise-poems. 1977Amer. N. & Q. XV. 148/2 The Prothalamion has not been sufficiently studied in the light of Horace's Carmina, several of which are praise-poems. 1979G. Fortune in Hodza & Fortune Shona Praise Poetry p. x, The praise poems are written in the standard Shona orthography.
1935Critic (Cape Town) Oct. 7 The old *praise-poets had to compose in their heads, and had to remember as they went along. 1937G. P. Lestrade in I. Schapera Bantu-Speaking Tribes S. Afr. xiii. 296 Persons of but modest rank..compose their own praise-poems,..while those of higher status have theirs composed by..the praise-poets. 1965I. Schapera Praise Poems of Tswana Chiefs 5 There are..in every tribe some men who specialize in composing and reciting praises of chiefs... This they do not merely..to establish..a personal reputation as a mmôki (praise-poet, praise-reciter), but also in the hope of reward.
1970R. Finnegan Oral Lit. in Afr. v. 111 The ‘praise names’..often form the basis of formal *praise poetry. 1971Listener 2 Sept. 290/3 What is nowadays called ‘bardic poetry’ which is a genus of praise-poetry. 1977Westindian World 3–9 June 13/4 It is sheer praise-poetry. 1979G. Fortune in Hodza & Fortune Shona Praise Poetry 2 Praise poetry, especially of the more formal kind, is a mode of expression that is disappearing owing to urbanization and the replacement of traditional methods of education by schools.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. ii. 143 If they bestow not upon one of these *Praise-Praters the best garments they have.
1935Critic (Cape Town) Oct. 7 A *praise-reciter, whose business it is to know and remember praise-poems. 1965Praise-reciter [see praise poet above].
1954M. F. Smith Baba of Karo i. iii. 62 When you hear drumming, you hear the deep drum and you hear the *praise-singers—you'll give them money! 1963W. Soyinka Lion & Jewel 61 And then I have to hire a praise-singer, And such a number of ceremonies Must firstly be performed. 1977Eastern Province Herald (S. Afr.) 27 Apr., The installation of the new Chancellor..was a dignified affair but it is difficult to understand what relevance a Xhosa praise singer had to the function.
1957Africa XXVII. 26 (title) The social functions and meaning of Hausa *praise-singing.
1886Corbett Fall of Asgard II. 184 He made a little *praise-song about him. 1928W. C. Willoughby Soul of Bantu iv. 368 Praise-songs, which make up in glory for all they lack in veracity, are chanted upon occasion by the men whom they extol. 1957Africa XXVII. 29 The District Head..may request that the praise-songs of title-holders who are his particular friends..should also be sung. 1970P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 65 Bussani tribesmen in Upper Volta singing praise songs for the chief of the village of Yarkatenga.
1537Injunct. by Bp. of Worceter in Abingdon Antiq. Worcester (1717) 162 That in *prase tyme no..body be browgth into the Church, but be browgth into the Church⁓yard.
1747Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xxxi. 219 Such praise-begging hypocrisy!.. Such contemptible *praise-traps!
1658W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 16. xviii. (1669) 229/2 It was faith that tuned his spirit, and set his affections *praise-way.
▪ II. praise, v.|preɪz|
Forms: 3–6 preise, 3–7 preyse, 4–7 prayse, 4– praise, (4 preyze, praisse, 4–6 prais, 5 preysse, 5–6 prese, prays, prase, 6 prayes, prease, preese, Sc. preiss, 8 (in sense 1) praze).
[a. OFr. preisier (preisant) to price, value, prize, praise:—late L. preci-āre, earlier preti-āre (Cassiodorus c 550) to price, value, prize, f. preti-um price. At an early date in Parisian F., and afterwards also in Norman, preisier was levelled (under the vowel of the pres., prise from prieise) to prisier, mod.F. priser, which was also taken in Eng. in the 14th c. as prise(n, mod. prize, and here took the place of the earlier form in the more literal senses associated with the n. prīs, price; leaving to praise the most topical sense = Lat. laudare, OE. herian. A little later the n. praise began to be formed from the vb. in this restricted sense = Lat. laus; so that from the 15th c. we have prise, prize vb. beside pris, price n., and praise n. beside praise vb.]
I.
1. trans. To set a price or value upon; to value, appraise. Obs. or dial. (The late retention of this sense was probably owing to its being treated as an aphetic form of appraise.)
[1292Britton i. vi. §2 Ses chateus preyseez et deliverez a les villez.] 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 146 Þou praysed me & my place ful pouer & ful gnede. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 174 Þer weore chapmen I-chose þe chaffare to preise. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxvii. 9 Thritty platis of syluer, the pris [1388 prijs] of a man preysid, whom thei preysiden [1388 preiseden] of the sonys of Yrael. 14..in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 167 The whyche chalis..was praysyd at xxx. Ml marke. 1521Bury Wills (Camden) 122 Praisid at v li, x mylch kene. 1530Palsgr. 664/1, I prayse a thynge, I esteme of what value it is, je aprise. 1550–51in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 561 Mr Meres and James Goldsmyth for yer paynes in prasyng y⊇ churches stuffe iijs. 1554in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 415 The said silver platte..to be preasid as abowe wryttin. 1556Inv. in French Shaks. Geneal. (1869) 472, 52 shepe presid att vij li. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxi. 74 An inventory was taken..and all was praised at an hundred and thirty thousand Taels. 1713Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) IV. 252 His own Picture..brought to London to be prazed. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Praise, to appraise; to value.
†2. To attach value to; to value, esteem; to prize. Obs.
13..Cursor M. 246 (Cott.) Selden was for ani chance Praised Inglis tong in france. c1330Arth. & Merl. 5348 Wawain was the better ay, Therefore y-praised, parmafay. 1402Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 46 Jakke, thi lewid prophecie I preise not at a peese. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. cxxxiii. (1869) 128 Ne hire wittes j preyse not at a budde. 1481Caxton Myrr. i. xiii. 40 They preysed nothing the thinges that were erthely. c1500Melusine 285 Nother thou nor thy god I preyse not a rotyn dogge. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 19 Sum tyme in mynde sho praisit me sa hycht, Leifand all vther.
II.
3. a. To tell, proclaim, or commend the worth, excellence, or merits of; to express warm approbation of, speak highly of; to laud, extol. (The leading current sense.)
a1225Ancr. R. 64 Ne he ne cunne ou nouðer blamen ne preisen. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 43/331 Among alle men..mest ich preisie þe. a1300Cursor M. 3577 He praises al thing þat es gon O present thing he praisses non. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 219 He is i-preysed [L. laudatur] for a parfite techere of philosofie. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop iii. vii, Men preysen somtyme that that shold be blamed. 1513More Rich. III (1641) 219 They extolled and praysed him farre above the Starres. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Warres ix. 32 The Subjects..praised him to the skies. 1784Cowper Task iii. 702 What we admire we praise, and when we praise, Advance it into notice. 1875Jowett Plato V. 151 The rewards of wicked men are often praised by poets and approved by the world.
b. In proverbial phrases.
1598Marston Pygmal. 1, Who now so long hath prays'd the Choughs white bill That he hath left her ne'er a flying quill. 1599Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. I iv b, She doth but praise your lucke at parting. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. iii. 38 Al. A kind Of excellent dumbe discourse. Pro. Praise in departing. a1633G. Herbert Jacula Prudentum Wks. (1857) 304 Praise day at night, and life at the end. Ibid. 317 Praise a hill, but keep below. Praise the sea, but keep on land.
†c. To bring praise or commendation to. rare.
1648Boyle Seraph. Love xiv. (1660) 87 As Shadows judiciously plac'd, do no less praise the Painter, than do the livelier and brighter Colours. 1649Bp. Reynolds Serm. Hosea i. 24 Men shoot bullets against armour of proof, not to hurt it, but to praise it.
d. The dat. infin. to praise (also † to praising for praisen) used predicatively: To be praised, deserving praise. Cf. blame v. 6. Now rare or Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1320 Þe prinse he sede oþer king nis to preisi noȝt. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 301, I halde þat Iueler lyttel to prayse. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. ii. (Tollem. MS.), Also yf þe heed is to gret it is not to preysynge [ed. 1535 it is not to prayse; L. est illaudabile]. c1460Ros La Belle Dame 631 Suche as wil say..That stedfast trouthe is nothing for to prays. 1827Blackw. Mag. June 783 Yet we should have been to blame, if Shakspeare be to praise.
e. absol. To express approbation; to bestow praise.
c1386Chaucer Parson's Tale (1877, Ellesmere MS.) 473 Certes, the commendacion̄ of the peple is somtyme ful fals and ful brotel for to triste. this day they preyse tomorwe they blame. 1609Shakes. Sonnet cvi. 13 For we which now behold these present dayes, Haue eyes to wonder, but lack toungs to praise. 1879Fortn. Rev. 1 Apr. 507 So Molière is read or witnessed; we laugh and we praise. 1896Forum (N.Y.) Mar. 1 Whether we praise lavishly or venture to blame, two perils threaten us.
4. a. To extol the glorious attributes of (God, or a deity), especially, to sing the praises of; to glorify, magnify, laud.
a1300Cursor M. 18309 ‘Lauerd,’ he said, ‘i sal þe prais, For þou [has] tan me to þi pais.’ 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. xviii. (1495) c iij/1 An angell..cessith neuer to worshyp and prayse god. 1426Audelay Poems (Percy Soc.) 18 Mi pepyl praysy me with here lyppus, here hertis ben far away [cf. Isa. xxix. 13]. 1535Coverdale Ps. lxvii. 5 Let the people prayse the (o God) let all people prayse the. 1693Ken Doxology, Praise God from whom all blessings flow. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 481 On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praise. Ibid. ii. 535 In jolly Hymns they praise the God of Wine. 1884F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer I. i. 8 ‘The saints be praised’, thought I.
b. Catch-phrase praise the Lord and pass the ammunition (see quots.).
1942F. Loesser (song-title) Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition. 1942Life 2 Nov. 43 On the cover and above are pictures of Captain William A. Maguire, the man who inspired the best of this war's songs, Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition... Legend and the song written by Frank Loesser have it that..up jumped the sky pilot, gave the boys a look And manned the gun himself as he laid aside the Book, shouting ‘Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition!’. 1943Sun (Baltimore) 17 Sept. 10/5 The navy..named a 35-year-old chaplain from nearby Haddonfield, N.J., as the man who first used the phrase ‘Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition’ during the attack on Pearl Harbor. The chaplain, Lieut. Com. Howell E. Forgy, was on his first visit home in three years. 1948A. M. Taylor Lang. World War II (rev. ed.) 159 Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition: attributed to a minister at Pearl Harbor... Real author of the phrase seems to have been Naval Lieutenant Howell Forgy, Presbyterian chaplain.
Hence praised ppl. a.
14..Siege Jerus. 99 Preued for a prophete þrow praysed dedes. 1552Huloet, Praysed or valued, estimatus. 1650Trapp Comm. Deut. x. 21 [He is thy praise] Thy praised one, Psal. 18. 3. or, thy praise-worthy one. |