| 释义 |
▪ I. practic, n.1 arch.|ˈpræktɪk|
Forms: α. 4–6 practik, 4–7 -ike, 5 -yk, -yke, -yque, 5–9 -ique, 6–7 -icke, -icque, 6–8 -ick, 6– practic; 5 praktik, -ike; 7 pracktik. β. Sc. 6 pratick, -yke, 6–7 prattik, 6–8 -ick, 7–8 ique, 7 pratique; 6 prettic, -ick, -ik, -ike, -icque: see also pratique.
[ME. practik(e, a. OF. practike, -ique, variants of prat(t)ique (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) practice, usage, intrigue, form of pleading, etc. (whence the β forms); ad. med.L. practica, a. Gr. πρακτική (also πρακτικὴ ἐπιστήµη, Plato) practical (as opposed to theoretical) science, fem. sing. of πρακτικός adj.: see next.]
The earlier Eng. and esp. Sc. equivalent of practice.
1. The action of practising; practical work or application of (something); practice as opposed to theory; = practice 1.
α1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 43 Wise men and wel i-tauȝt in þe practike of gemetrie. c1391Chaucer Astrol. Prol., The second partie shal teche the werken the verrey practik of the forseide conclusiouns. a1460Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 241 Hatrede and praptyk of fals auctorité Al good conscience they putten owte. 1475Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 77 To lerne the practique of law or custom of lande, or of civile matier. c1480Henryson Test. Cres. 269 Of rhetorik the praktik he micht leir. 1598Barret (title) The Theorike and Praktike of Moderne Warres. 1600Abp. Abbot Exp. Jonah 537 Thou thoughtest it so in Theorike but beleevedst it not in Practike. 1631Massinger Emperor East ii. i, He has the theory only, not the practic. 1700Wallis in Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 317 As to the practick of it; there are..consorts of music. 1853Fraser's Mag. XLVII. 294 They ignored the practic and theoric of every sect. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! v, Amyas..cunning as a fox in all matters of tactic and practic.
β1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 30 Boith in pratick & speculation. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 221 In all prattik of weir he wes perqueir. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 2653 This wes the prettike of sum pylgramage. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. vi, [To] obstruct their pratique in those Arts of life wherein they were expert.
†b. As one of the ancient divisions of Philosophy.
1390Gower Conf. III. 85 The laste science of the thre It is Practique. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 389 b/2 Phylosophye is deuyded in thre, in theoryque in practyque and in logyque.
c. An action, deed, work; pl. works, doings, deeds, practices; things practical, practical matters.
1641‘Smectymnuus’ Answ. §13 (1653) 56 Our Bishops challenge (if not in their Polemicks, yet in their Practicks) a Power that Timothy and Titus..never did. 1653Gauden Hierasp. 204 The moralls and practiques of men, as well as their intellectuals, are much to be considered. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1810) III. lxii. 355 This dear lady is prodigiously learned in theories. But as to practics, as to experimentals, must be, as you know from her tender years, a mere novice. 1889A. Gissing Both of this Parish II. vi. 135 Accomplished in all the practicks of tilth and tillage.
†2. Mode of action or operation; custom, habit, usage; = practice 2 c. Obs.
αc1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 187 Telle forth youre tale..And teche vs yonge men of youre praktike. c1449Pecock Repr. ii. xx. (Rolls) 269 The oolde practik of deuoute Cristen man. 1563Winȝet Four Scoir Thre Quest. To Rdr., Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 57 The commoun practik of our aduersaris, to mak of obscuir mirknes a commmentare to the cleir licht. 1653H. Cogan tr. Scarlet Gown Ep. Ded., Particularities of the practique..in the elections of the said Cardinalls.
βc1560Rolland 7 Sages 34 Of thair prettick to me ane point propyne.
3. Legal usage; case-law; particularly in Scots Law: see quot. 1708.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) I i vij, To make newe offyces and to ordeyne statutes and practikes. 1565Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 353 According to the..Actis of Parliament, lawis, and practik of this realme. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 64 The lawis and pratick of this realme. c1588in Cath. Tractates (S.T.S.) 253 The use and the prattik of the kirk. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xv. §2 (1699) 82 Albeit the manner of death is not exprest in this act, yet practick hath determined the same to be hanging. 1708J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. iii. v. (1737) 408 Upon the Civil Law the solemn Judgments in Law Cases have been collected, which are called Practiques [in Scotland], a Word of the same Import with that of Reports in England. a1765Erskine Instit. Laws Scot. i. i. §47 An uniform tract of decisions of the court of session, i.e. of their judgements on particular points, either of right or of form..anciently called Practics, is by Mackenzie..accounted part of our customary law. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xii, What say ye to try young Mackenyie? he has a' his uncle's practiques at the tongue's end.
†4. Practical acquaintance; habitual intercourse or dealings; experience; = practice 3. Obs.
1592Wotton in Reliq. (1685) 663 A certain Florentine, of great prattick with Strangers. 1624Sir T. Roe in Fortescue Papers (Camden) 206 One that hath experience and practicque with all nations. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. §140 (1740) 306 How could any one, of English Education and Prattique, swallow such a low Rabble Suggestion?
†5. Artful dealing, contrivance, cunning, policy; with a and pl., an art or kind of practical skill, esp. an artful device or contrivance, a stratagem, trick, or deception. Obs.
αc1470Henryson Mor. Fab. v. (Parl. Beasts) xlii, His deith be practik may be preuit eith. 1483in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 19 [Edw. IV] willed that my lord Dynham shuld assaie some practik therin and fele the mynde of the said lord Corder. 1513Douglas æneis xi. x. heading, Heyr Turnus and Camylla gan devys Practikis of weir, the Troianis to supprys. 1549Compl. Scot. xi. 94 He vsit the samen practik contrar irland and valis. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 319 Medeas practicques scho had plane, That could mak auld men young agane. 1584Lodge Alarm agst. Usurers, etc. (Hunter. Cl.) 62 He brought foorth a mirrour of notable operation, a practicke in prospectiue.
β1500–20Dunbar Poems xxii. 13 Of quhome the gled dois prettikis preif. 1513Douglas æneis xi. x. 66 A prattik of weir devys will I. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 316 To occupie the toune with sum prattick or policie. 1693Scotch Presbyter. Eloquence (1738) 117 Thou art always proving Pratticks.
▪ II. practic, a. (n.2) arch.|ˈpræktɪk|
Forms: 4, 6 practik, 6–7 -ike, -icke, -ique, 7–8 -ick, 7– -ic, (7 pratick).
[a. obs. F. practique, variant of pratique practical, ad. late L. practicus (Fulgentius, a 550), a. Gr. πρακτικός concerned with action, practical, f. πράττειν to do, act: see prec. and -ic.]
1. Pertaining to, consisting or exhibited in practice or action; = practical 1.
1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. i. heading, The practike workinge of sondry conclusions Geometrical. 1598Barret Theor. Warres vi. i. 182 The practike rules whereof I haue..at large set downe. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Pref., Wks. (1653) 8 Performing the art of healing in a practick way, namely, by the hand. 1667Decay Chr. Piety ix. ⁋18 Our attendance on practick duties. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. v. §4 All things of a practic nature. 1813G. Colman Br. Grins, Vagaries Vind. xlix, Witlings who in practic waggery deal. 1833H. Coleridge Poems I. 121 Spurning the dictates of a practic creed. a1849― Ess. (1851) I. 135 Its benign and sublimating influences are conveyed to the lower orb of practic works and secular relations.
b. Opposed to theoretic, speculative, or contemplative. (So in earliest use.) arch. or Obs.
Often applied to that department of a subject, art, or science, which relates to practice.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 241 Þis cunnyng was not speculatif,..but practik, put in dede, how men shulde lyve by Goddis lawe. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xv. ii. (1886) 322 He perfectlie teacheth practike philosophie. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. i. 51 The Art and Practique part of Life, Must be the Mistress to this Theorique. 1606L. Bryskett Civ. Life 120 Vertues are generally deuided into Speculatiue and Practike; or we may say, into Intellectiue and Actiue. 1617J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortalitie iii. x. 250 Let our skill herein not onely be contemplatiue, but practique. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iv. (1651) 280 What more pleasing studies can there be than the Mathematicks, Theorick or Pratick parts? 1715Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) V. 103 Famous for his Knowledge in the Theory of Musick; in the practick part of which Faculty he was likewise very considerable. 1804W. Taylor in Crit. Rev. Ser. iii. III. 526 These were daily instructed for some hours both in the theoric and practic parts of the Pythagorean philosophy.
†c. Of persons or their faculties. ? Obs.
1610Donne Pseudo-martyr Pref. D iv, As the inuention of Gun-powder is attributed to a contemplatiue Monke; so these practique Monkes thought it belonged to them, to put it into vse and execution, to the destruction of a State and a Church. 1687New Atlantis i. 375 The Practick Minds may in State Matters dive, In hidden Knowledge the Contemplative. 1798W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 212 The practic Essenes were mostly occupied in keeping sheep.
†2. = practical a. 2, 4. Obs.
1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Practique, practising. 1620Donne Serm. lxxiv. (1640) 756 It shall do him no good, to say..that he was no speculative Atheist..if hee lived a practique Atheist. 1642Rogers Naaman 348 Practicke Atheists, who are led by sense as brute beasts.
†3. That has had experience in any process or course of action; experienced, practised, well-versed, skilled. Obs.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. iii. 7 Right practicke was Sir Priamond in fight, And throughly skild in use of shield and speare. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xx. (1623) 981 This Ambassadour was a practicke man, of much experience. 1639N. N. tr. Du Bosq's Compl. Woman i. 14 These Pamphlets, after they have made many women bold, it makes them practick in it, they finde out subtilties, with safty in them.
†4. Artful, crafty, cunning. Obs.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. viii. 8 [The corsairs] with their practick art bryng dayly too Alger a number of pore Christians, which they sell vnto the Moores. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. iii. 9 Wylie witted, and growne old In cunning sleightes and practick knavery.
†B. n.2 [absolute use of the adj.] A practical man, a man of action, as opposed to a theorist; one who practises something, as opposed to studying it; spec. a member of the Jewish sect of the Essenes, who took part in the active affairs of life.
1599Daniel Musophilus cxxxvii, I grant, that some unletter'd Practick may..with impious Cunning sway The Courses fore-begun with like Effect. 1625T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. xii. 62 Of these Essenes there were two sorts, some Theorikes..; others Practicks, laborious and painfull in the daily exercise of those handy-crafts in which they were most skilfull. 1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 3 They are mere sceptics, because they would not be practicks. 1650C. Elderfield Tythes 20 Two sorts of them there were; the students, and the practiques.
▪ III. † ˈpractic, v. Sc. Obs.
Also 5 pratik, 6 prattik, pretyk, practi(c)k -ique.
[ad. F. pratique-r, obs. practiquer = med.L. practicāre to practise (a profession, etc.), It. praticare, Prov. praticar, Sp. practicar. Subseq. conformed to Gr. and L. stem.]
trans. = practise (in various senses). a. To put into action or operation. b. To actuate or influence craftily. c. in pa. pple. Practised, versed.
a.1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 207 [They] pratik the granting of mark to ger resoun be done. 1533Gau Richt Vay 62 Peter practik[it] his keyis in the secund chaiptur of the dedis of the apostlis, be preching of ye law he brocht the pepil to knawelege of thair sine. c1588in Cath. Tractates (S.T.S.) 253 To receaue the bodie and bluid of Chryst, as some tyme was prattiked in the kirkis of Scotland.
b.1561Lethington Let. to Cecil 15 Aug., St. Pap. Scotl., Eliz. VI. 56 (P.R.O.) Thinking yt the Quenes majesty will by some meanes practique the subiectes off this Realme she [Mary] hath written to divers..to continue thintelligence.
c.1549Compl. Scot. Prol. 15 Them that vas neuyr pretykkit in the veyris. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 160 Quhan ony ciwill insurrectioun wes in the cuntrie and specialie lesmaiestie aganis the kingis own persone quhairin he was well practicked. |