| 释义 |
potentiate, v.|pəʊˈtɛnʃɪeɪt|
[f. L. potentia power + -ate3. In quot. 1817 after Ger. potenzi(e)ren.]
1. trans. To endow with power or potency.
1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. xii. (1882) 135, I have even hazarded the new verb potenziate, with its derivatives, in order to express the combination or transfer of powers. 1820― in Lit. Rem. (1839) IV. 137 Of such exertions..I do not believe a human soul capable, unless substantiated and successively potentiated by an especial divine grace. 1827–48Hare Guesses (1859) 430 The true ideal is the individual, purified and potentiated, the individual freed from everything that is not individual in it.
2. To make possible.
1865Englishm. Mag. Jan. 51 Before a language can arrive at that maturity which potentiates a strict art of composition, it must pass through every intermediate phase from the formless to the regular.
3. trans. To increase the effect of (a drug or its action); to act synergistically with; also, to promote or enhance (a physiological or biochemical phenomenon). Also fig.
1917T. Sollmann Man. Pharmacol. 96 Mansfield and Hamburger..believe..that ether potentiates chloral or morphine, by favoring the distribution of these agents in the nervous system. 1941Cancer Res. I. 107/2 Numerous experiments have shown that various exogenous influences, each in itself carcinogenic, can ‘potentiate’ each other's influence by simultaneous action. 1962Lancet 13 Jan. 112/1 He showed that cocaine potentiated the pressor action of adrenaline. 1969D. Clark Nobody's Perfect iii. 109 Though the phenobarbitone had caused death, it had been potentiated by the alcohol. Without the alcohol he might have lived. 1973R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xix. 524/2 The membrane may serve to potentiate cell-virus association and thereby enhance infection. 1974Hawkey & Bingham Wild Card xi. 107 What do you intend doing to potentiate the virus's cytolytic properties? 1977Observer 21 Aug. 21/5 New York potentiates music the same way that alcohol potentiates certain pills.
Hence poˈtentiated ppl. a.; poˈtentiating ppl. a. and vbl. n.; potentiˈation, (a) the action of potentiating, endowment with power; (b) the phenomenon whereby the simultaneous effect of two drugs or other agents may exceed the sum of their individual effects.
a1834Coleridge Notes & Lect. (1849) I. 94 The energies of intellect..in a rich and more potentiated form. 1840J. H. Green Vital Dynamics 31 That potentiation of living existence, which we name animated. 1847― Mental Dynamics 10 This individuality..which consists in a higher potentiation and happier combination of the human powers. 1861N. Brit. Rev. No. 70. 377 A highly potentiated feeling of human brotherhood. 1914J. T. Halsey tr. Meyer & Gottlieb's Pharmacol. xviii. 576 Honigmann's experiments with mixed narcosis with ether and chloroform or ether and alcohol apparently indicate a potentiation. 1917T. Sollmann Man. Pharmacol. 96 When several drugs are administered together, each may act independently, as if it were present alone... In many cases, however, the combined action is greater or smaller than would be calculated (potentiated and deficient summation). 1941Cancer Res. I. 107/2 The ‘potentiation’ seen in the simultaneous action of tumor-producing virus and other carcinogenic influence. Ibid., The above-mentioned ‘potentiating’ influence of two different exogenous influences. 1958Bull. Math. Biophysics XX. 1 Two drugs may act together synergistically or they may act antagonistically. The former action we shall refer to as positive potentiation; the latter as negative potentiation. 1970I. Murdoch Fairly Honourable Defeat i. xv. 165 Her body seemed to be weighted and pinned to the sloping bank by a potentiated force of gravity. 1971P. Huson Devil's Picturebk. ii. 64 Frequent use of a complex mnemotechnic system was believed to result in the enlivening or ‘potentiating’ of the imagination. 1974Aquaculture IV. 410 Other workers..have also found the in vivo efficacy of a potentiated sulphonamide..to be far superior to sulphonamide, used alone, in the treatment of furunculosis. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. iii. 63 Potentiation may result from two agents acting by different mechanisms or one drug facilitating the action of the other. 1975European Jrnl. Pharmacol. XXXIV. 169 (heading) Potentiating effect of lithium chloride on aggressive behaviour induced in mice. 1977Amer. N. & Q. XV. 83/1 These properties include curative power,..potentiation,..and the prevention of decay or corruption. |