| 释义 |
port-hole|ˈpɔəthəʊl|
Also porthole.
[f. port n.3 + hole n.]
1. a. Naut. An aperture in a ship's side; spec. formerly one of those through which cannon were pointed; now, one of the apertures for the admission of light and air; = port n.3 2 b.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Portañola, a port-hole, porta. a1618Raleigh Royal Navy 26 Wont to plant great red Port-holes in their broad sides, where they carried no Ordnance at all. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. x, So contrived the Port Holes therein, that most of her Guns might point to one Center. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4329/5 [They] went through the Port-holes into the Long-boat. 1759Falconer 90-Gun Ship 41 Full ninety brazen guns her port-holes fill. 1802Naval Chron. VIII. 481 The contrivance of port-holes..is attributed to Descharges, a French ship-builder at Brest, in the reign of Louis the Twelfth. 1892Clark Russell Marriage at Sea iii, A black steam⁓boat,..her portholes glittering as though the whole length of her was studded with brilliants.
fig.1602Marston Antonio's Rev. ii. ii, The port holes Of sheathed spirit are nere corb'd up.
b. A small glazed window, often round, in the side of an aircraft or spacecraft.
1956W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 395/1 Porthole, a naval term sometimes applied to a circular window in an aircraft. 1962W. Schirra in Into Orbit 33 They..pointed out that they had already stuck on a periscope and a couple of small port-holes, but we all felt strongly that a pilot ought to have a clear, visual reference to his surroundings. 1968Listener 27 June 827/1 Departure by air could involve hazards quite separate from the lurking fears..of being sucked, à la James Bond, out of a porthole. 1970T. Hughes Crow 13 It was cosy in the rocket, he could not see much But he peered out through the portholes at Creation. 1970W. Smith Gold Mine xxxii. 79 The Boeing began to roll forward. Manfred twisted his head against the neck rest and peered through the Perspex porthole.
2. transf.
a. An aperture in a wall for shooting through, etc.; an embrasure;
b. a similar aperture in other structures, e.g. in the door of a furnace.
1644–5N. Drake Siege Pontefr. (Surtees) 37 One of our men was looking out of a porthole on the round tower. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1721) 19 It has the face of a Castle, being built with portholes for Artillery, instead of Windows. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iii. xxxiv. 157 This city is inclosed within a wall above a mile in each square, with a great number of regular turrets and port⁓holes for arrows. 1870J. Roskell in Eng. Mech. 18 Feb. 547/2 The ‘port holes’ are left open.
c. Austral. and N.Z. An aperture in the wall of a shearing shed through which each shearer passes the sheep when shorn into his indivdual counting-out pen.
1882Armstrong & Campbell Austral. Sheep. Husbandry xv. 175 Upon the opposite side of the shearing board, ‘port-holes’, or small doorways, are made (one for each shearer), through which the sheep are turned when shorn. 1933L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 30 Sept. 15/7 Counting out pens. Each shearer has his own and passes his sheep through a porthole into his, so that each man's tally may be counted. 1956G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) iii. 43 A lot of time and effort can be wasted in switching off and kicking sheep out the porthole. 1965[see chute n.1 3 b].
d. Archæol. A hole in a slab or two adjacent slabs of stone, large enough to allow the passage of a body into a chambered tomb.
1940Proc. Prehist. Soc. VI. 133 Problems associated with the nature and origin of portholes in megalithic tombs in Europe. 1954S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures Brit. Isles v. 136 The chamber entrance was formed by a ‘porthole’ made by hollowing the edges of two adjacent slabs to form an oval hole through which it is just possible to gain access to the burial chamber. 1958G. Daniel Megalith Builders W. Europe ii. 44 Port-holes occur in southern Iberia and in a small number of tombs in France and Britain, as well as in the Gallery Graves of southern Sweden. 1963Field Archaeol. (Ordnance Survey) (ed. 4) 30 Space does not permit a description of all the variations of entrances true and false, forecourts, passages, portholes, different forms of chamber, horn features, revetments, etc.
3. A steam port (port n.3 4).
1875in Knight Dict. Mech. 1888Hasluck Model Engin. Handybk. 27 On turning the fly-wheel the crank draws the piston-rod out and inclines the cylinder sideways, bringing the port-hole to the left. Ibid. 37 Fig. 29, where the size and position of each port-hole may be seen.
4. attrib. and Comb., as port-hole shutter, port-hole window; (sense 2 d) porthole cist, port-hole slab, port-hole stone.
1766Entick London IV. 88 The roof is..enlightened by four port-hole windows. 1892E. Reeves Homeward Bound 95 We now find the advantage of the port-hole shutters. 1939V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization (ed. 3) ix. 168 Forssander seems inclined to explain Pontic elements in Central Europe by a migration from the Caucasus of the makers of Globular Amphoræ who would also have brought the idea of the porthole cist and the pit-cave tombs. Ibid. xii. 206 A porthole stone often enhances the resemblance of a built tomb's doorway to the entry into a natural or artificial cave. The desire to emphasize the similarity has in fact been suggested as an explanation for the porthole stone's origin. 1970Bray & Trump Dict. Archaeol. 185 Port-hole slab, a stone slab with a circular hole, often, though not exclusively, forming the entrance to a chamber tomb. Sometimes the hole is square, or the entrance is made from two slabs set side by side with notches cut from their adjoining edges.
Hence ˈport-holed a., provided with a port-hole or port-holes.
1938Antiquity XII. 302 Some of these (e.g. Züschen, Fritzlar) have a portholed septal slab. 1940Proc. Prehist. Soc. VI. 155 These figures should give the lie to the frequent assertion..that Britain is peculiarly rich in portholed tombs. 1969Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 11 Apr. 40/2 The port-holed headquarters of the National Maritime Union. |