| 释义 |
▪ I. portal, n.1|ˈpɔətəl|
Also 4 -ale, 5–7 -all, 6 -alle; (6 porthal, 6–7 port(-)hall).
[ME. a. obs. F. portal gate, ad. med.L. portāle city-gate, porch (Du Cange), orig. neut. of portālis adj., f. L. porta gate: see port n.3 and -al1. Cf. portail.]
1. a. A door, gate, doorway, or gateway, of stately or elaborate construction; the entrance, with the immediately surrounding parts, of an edifice, esp. of a large or magnificent building, when emphasized in architectural treatment. Hence often a poetical or rhetorical synonym for ‘door’ or ‘gate’.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 1035 Þe portalez pyked of rych platez. 1484Caxton Fables of Alfonce i, That man whiche lay dede before the portall or gate of the temple. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. ii. vii. (1536) 119 b, I haue sene his..portall and gates ful of knightes, & not marchauntis. 1600Holland Livy xxx. xxi. 754 The monie they laid downe in the very port-hall or entrie of the Senate house. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 575 Through Heav'n, That open'd wide her blazing Portals. 1711Addison Spect. No. 59 ⁋5 Erected over two of the Portals of Blenheim House. 1756tr. Keysler's Trav. I. xxxvi. 323 The gates of the portal are by tradition said to be the same which St. Ambrose shut against the emperor Theodosius, till he had done penance. 1813Scott Trierm. i. v, Not a foot has thy portal cross'd. 1862Rickman's Goth. Archit. 424 The portals of Abbeville,..are some of the finest specimens of this style. 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxi. 76 Fling the portal apart. The bride Waits.
b. transf. A valve of the heart; a natural entrance, as of a cave.
1666J. Smith Old Age 231 The great vein..hath at its entrance into the heart, certain portals, from their form called valvulæ tricuspides. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 2, I was reposing in the vast cavern, out of which, from its northern portal, issues the river that winds through our vale. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 230 A river wending towards a portal of black rock.
c. fig.
c1590Greene Fr. Bacon ii. 64 The brazen walls fram'd by Semiramis, Carv'd out like to the portal of the sun. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 451 Once more the ruby-colour'd portal open'd, Which to his speech did honey passage yield. 1593― Rich. II, iii. iii. 64 As doth the blushing discontented Sunne, From out the fierie Portall of the East. 1727–46Thomson Summer 640 Issuing from out the portals of the morn. 1846Trench Mirac. x. (1862) 216 Death, which by the portal of disobedience had found entrance into natures made for immortality.
d. Engin. A rigid structural frame consisting essentially of two uprights connected at the top by a third member; orig. such a frame forming the end of a truss bridge.
1876Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers V. 178 This bill of materials is calculated: chords, latticing, joint and reinforcing plates..85,912 pounds... Struts and portals.. 6,000 [pounds]. 1882Min. Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers LXIX. 101 The Author [C. B. Bender]..believes it to be conducive to greater stiffness to put the material needed for knees and gussets into two effective end-portals and into the lateral top and bottom bracings. 1908A. Tolhausen tr. Böttcher's Cranes vi. 245 The portal is to cover double railway lines of normal gauge. 1937Sunday Express 14 Feb. 11/1 A series of vast concrete underground bridges, ‘portals’ they were called technically, were built. There were sixty in all, and each one bridged a railway tunnel under the earth and made a platform on which the building could be built. 1950Engineering 31 Mar. 366/1 A simple portal structure built from broad-flanged beams may be used for spans up to about 40 ft. 1971Timber Trades Jrnl. 21 Aug. 23/3 After the gale had been blowing for a whole week, the temporary bracing finally gave way and two portals were destroyed.
e. (The structural frame forming) the entrance to a tunnel.
1881Engineering 25 Mar. 296/3 The geologist of the St. Gothard Tunnel..has been giving careful attention to the variations in the air currents between the two portals at Goeschenen and Airolo. 1909J. W. Orrock Railroad Struct. iv. 85 The end portals for the tunnel consist of 12{pp} × 12{pp} posts..for a distance of 8 feet from the ends, with 12{pp} × 12{pp} timbers built over and across the end posts, to form retaining wall on top. 1941Richardson & Mayo Pract. Tunnel Driving xxi. 364 Some kind of parapet over the portal is necessary to catch loose rocks rolling into the cut. 1971K. G. Messenger Flora of Rutland 109/1 At the southern portal, the cutting is wider and deeper and it is obvious that it offered serious drainage problems to the engineers.
f. Med. Usu. portal of entry or entrance (or entrance portal), portal of exit (or exit portal). (a) The place where a micro-organism or drug enters or leaves the system. (b) The area of the body where a beam of radiation enters or leaves it; = port n.3 4 b.
1910Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 24 Sept. 1109/2 We have been led..to view the nasopharynx as the location in the body to be regarded with special suspicion as being the portal of entry of the virus. 1919Jrnl. Exper. Med. XXIX. 380 Other portals of experimental infection were..disclosed, such as the large nerves, subcutis, subarachnoid space, nasal mucosa, eye, and..the general blood. 1930J. S. Friedenwald Path. of Eye xi. 227 An occasional individual contracting the infection in spite of having taken every conceivable precaution to protect against infection through all other known portals. 1931Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 May 1756/1 If the portal is of limited area, the lateral scatter [of X-rays] is small. 1960A. L. Smith Carter's Microbiol. & Path. (ed. 7) xii. 135/1 Pathogenic agents..have rather definite routes of discharge from the body, known as portals of exit, which, to a great extent, depend on the part of the body that is the site of disease. 1963S. E. Wedberg Paramedical Microbiol. xix. 410 Portal requirements limit the number of opportunities provided for pathogens to cause damage to tissues. 1966A. A. de Lorimier in Radiol. in World War II (U.S. Army) iv. 86 Except for the portal of exit of the primary beam, the roentgen tube housing is impregnated with material possessing a protective equivalence of no less than 1·5 mm. of lead. 1973Fletcher & Tapley in G. H. Fletcher Textbk. Radiotherapy (ed. 2) i. 65/1 With a 22 Mev beam and a single homolateral portal, the skin reaction is minimal on the entrance side and is moderate on the opposite side. 1977Lancet 8 Jan. 78/1 Disposable devices are now becoming available for prolonged controlled delivery of appropriate drugs at other portals of entry such as the eye and uterus.
g. U.S. Theatr. (See quots. 1947, 1959.)
1947Gloss. Technical Theatr. Terms (Strand Electr. & Engin. Co.) 23 Portal, German and American terms for pros[cenium] opening. 1959W. C. Lounsbury Backstage from A to Z 94 Portal, a gate, door, or entrance, usually downstage on either side of the stage. Portals may be scenery constructed for the play, or they may be a permanent part of the proscenium. In many theatres of newer design, portals are built to accommodate spot-lights for sidelighting. 1978English Jrnl. Dec. 44/1 ‘Gel the lights in the upstage right portal’ are heard shouted across the auditorium.
†2. A space within the door of a room, partitioned off, and containing an inner door; also, such a partition itself (sometimes made as a moveable piece of furniture). Obs.
1516in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 244 Wyth 2 Portalls, wherof one shall be at the parlour doore and the other at the great Chamber doore wythin the said College. 1569Bury Wills (Camden) 155, I will that theas implements,..the benche in the hall, the portall, and the skryne..shall remayne in and withe the howse. 1598[see 4]. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 229 Portal..was us'd to signifie a little square corner of a Room, shifted off from the rest of the Room by the Wainscot.
3. (See quots.)
1706Phillips, Portal, a lesser Gate, where there are two of a different Bigness. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Portal, the arch over a door or gate; the framework of the gate; the lesser gate, when there are two of different dimensions at one entrance. 1873Hale In His Name viii. 70 A little side portal, which gave entrance to a vestry.
4. a. attrib. and Comb., as portal arch, portal capital, portal door, portal gate, portal post, portal seat, portal way. portal bracing = sense 1 d above; also, the technique of using such a frame; portal crane, a crane mounted on a portal frame, so as to allow the passage of vehicles underneath; portal frame = sense 1 d above; portal strut, a horizontal member rigidly joining the tops of two uprights, esp. in a portal frame.
1813Scott Trierm. iii. xviii, But full between the Warrior's way And the main portal-arch, there lay An inner moat.
1881Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers X. 164 Strong top lateral and portal bracing would greatly increase the strength and durability of the bridge. 1908M. S. Ketchum Design of Highway Bridges vii. 112 Portal bracing is placed at the ends of through bridges in the planes of the end-posts to transfer the wind loads from the upper lateral system to the abutments. 1928W. A. Mitchell Civil Engineering xvi. 479 The sway bracing at the entrance of the span..is called portal bracing. 1974Sci. Amer. Feb. 95/1 The Crystal Palace was..the first [building] in which a light frame was made rigid against wind loads by the technique that came to be known as portal bracing.
1895A. Nutt in K. Meyer's Voy. Bran I. 205 The arched doorway..with its wide valves and portal-capitals of burnished gold.
1908A. Tolhausen tr. Böttcher's Cranes vi. 245 (heading) Hydraulic portal crane. 1958Times Rev. Industry Oct. 20/3 No. 21 Quay at Alexandra Dock has been opened this year after being re-equipped with five 6/3 ton electric portal cranes.
1592Greene Cony-Catching iii. Wks. (Grosart) X. 183 Lifting vp the latch of the hall portall doore [he] saw nobody neere to trouble him. 1598in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 325 Item a portall Dore to the vpper studdye.
1908A. Tolhausen tr. Böttcher's Cranes vi. 245 The portal or gantry frame..shall be of built-up plates, and shall carry the platform on its top side. 1949Archit. Rev. CVI. 287 The mullions in front of the portal frames are bright ultramarine. 1971Timber Trades Jrnl. 21 Aug. 23/3 Each portal frame is constructed using 50mm (2in) nominal timber throughout.
1894W. H. Warren Engineering Construction xix. 294 The perpendicular distance between the end strut of the top lateral system and the intermediate portal strut. 1938C. T. Bishop Structural Design x. 194 Portal struts are used at the ends of through bridges to transmit top-lateral stresses to the abutments through the end posts acting as girders.
1795Southey Joan of Arc vii. 292 Narrow was the portal way, To one alone fit passage.
b. portal-to-portal attrib., spec. of workers' pay: pertaining to the time spent on the premises of one's place of work, for example in travelling to and from the entrance, changing, or washing, as distinguished from the time spent working. U.S.
1943Time 25 Oct. 21/3 He emerged with proposed Contract No. 3: an intricate formula which cagily skirts any mention of increased hourly wages or ‘portal-to-portal’ pay. 1944Birmingham (Alabama) News 27 Mar. 1/5 The Supreme Court ruled Monday that underground iron ore miners are entitled to ‘portal-to-portal’ pay for the time spent traveling between the mouth of the mine and the place where the ore is actually mined. 1948Ann. Reg. 1947 231 Long-pending retrospective claims for portal-to-portal pay (i.e. pay for time spent inside factory gates but not actually on the job) were unequivocally disallowed. 1965McGraw-Hill Dict. Mod. Econ. 385 Proponents of portal-to-portal pay insist that the worker should be paid for the time involved in necessary activities before or after actual on-the-job time on the ground that otherwise the work could not be done.
Hence ˈportalage, the construction of portals.
1903Architect 24 Apr. 269/1 Some sketches in connection with portalage.
▸ Computing. Originally: a server or web site that provides Internet access. Later also: a web site or service that provides access to a number of sources of information and facilities, such as a directory of links to other web sites, search engines, email, online shopping, etc. More fully portal site.
1990Re: DECnet Encapsulation in TCP-IP in comp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet newsgroup) 20 Nov. DEC used to have a product called an ‘internet portal’ which enveloped TCP/IP within DECnet. 1993Cu Digest (Electronic text) 5 No. 73 ‘Michael and Steven will sift the wheat from the chaff every week.’.. dogshit's Internet portals, said Eisner, are: dshit{at}hollywood.edu; and dshit{at}bevhills.gov. 1997New Media Age (Nexis) 17 July 2 The changes will see MSN (UK) investing more time, money and effort in its portal site www.uk.msn.com. 1998Guardian 23 July (Online Suppl.) 2/5 As more traffic is filtered through fewer of these catch-all supersites, the easier it becomes for portals to control the Web experience, collecting important data on surfers, like their viewing and buying habits, and personal interests. 2001Contact May 13/1 The image can either be sent as an email, added to a picture album on Ericsson's mobile internet portal, or stored in the camera.
▪ II. ‖ portal, n.2|pɔːˈtɑːl|
Also portale, portales.
[ad. Sp. portal, pl. portales, porch, portico, piazza.]
In S. America and the southwestern U.S., a veranda, portico, or arcade.
1844J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies I. 144 The only attempt at anything like architectural compactness and precision, consists in..buildings, whose fronts are shaded with a fringe of portales or corredores. 1892C. F. Lummis Tramp across Continent 153 Outside, in the long portal, was enough blue, and red, and white corn to feed an army of horses. 1910[see major-domo c]. 1927W. Cather Death comes for Archbishop ii. i. 51 Under this portale the adobe wall was hung with bridles, saddles [etc.]. 1927South Amer. Nov.-Dec. 181/1 Our hall not being large enough, the portales—a large corridor with arches running down one side—was swept and tastefully decorated. 1948Southwest Rev. Summer 245/2 What are now empty mule stalls then used to be the portales of a convent. 1973D. Hamilton Intriguers ix. 59, ‘I..crawled to where I could watch the long porch outside the living room.’.. I said, ‘Around these parts [sc. Arizona], that porch is known as a portal, ma'am. Accent on the last syllable.’
▪ III. portal, a. Anat.|ˈpɔətəl|
[ad. med.L. portālis of or belonging to a gate (see portal n.1).]
†1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a door or gate: in quot. applied to the valves of the heart.
1615Crooke Body of Man 375 Not farre from the beginning [it] is diuided or slitte into three small but strong portall membranes or values.
2. Pertaining to the porta or transverse fissure of the liver. portal vein: the vena porta, or great vein formed by the union of the veins from the stomach, intestine, and spleen, conveying blood to the liver, where it divides again into branches; also (renal portal or reni-portal vein), a vein similarly passing to the kidney and dividing into branches there, in many of the lower vertebrates.
Hence applied to structures, etc. connected with the portal vein, as portal canals, the tubular passages in the liver, each containing a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and biliary duct; portal circulation, the circulation of blood through the portal system; portal fissure, the transverse fissure of the liver, at which the portal vein enters it, the porta; portal system, the system of vessels consisting of the portal vein with its tributaries and branches; also, any other system of blood vessels which runs directly from one system of smaller vessels to another.
1845Budd Dis. Liver 11 The ducts..accompany the arteries in the portal canals. Each portal vein, however small, has an artery and a duct running along it. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 333 This is termed the portal system of vessels. 1872Huxley Phys. ii. 50 The flow of the blood from the abdominal viscera, through the liver, to the hepatic vein, is called the portal circulation. 1875Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. 227 The renal portal vein: running from the bifurcation of the pelvic vein to enter the lower-outer border of the kidney. 1881Mivart Cat 187 One set of canals diverge from the portal fissure, and these are called hepatic veins. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 353 A renal-portal circulation or supply of venous blood to the kidneys exists in all Amphibia. 1930Jrnl. Anat. LXV. 88 These vessels of the portal system lose their heavy neuroglial wrapping and open out into a network of very fine channels. 1974M. Hildebrand Analysis Vertebr. Struct. xii. 262 In several places in the body (digestive organs, kidneys, hypophysis) blood that has passed a capillary bed elsewhere enters a second capillary bed before reaching the heart. The veins between two capillary networks constitute a portal system. 1974D. & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xvi. 416 This is renal portal system, filtering blood from the tail through a kidney capillary system before sending it to the [piscine] heart.
Hence ˈportal-ˈvenous a., of or pertaining to the portal vein.
1845Budd Dis. Liver 45 Mr. Kiernan has applied to this..the term portal-venous congestion.
▪ IV. † portal
obs. erron. form of portas.
1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 255 Popish Catechisms, Missals, Breviaries, Portals, Legends and Lives of Saints. 1686Evelyn Diary 12 Mar., The printing Missalls, Offices, Lives of Saints, Portals, Primers, &c. |