| 释义 |
populist|ˈpɒpjʊlɪst|
Also Populist, esp. in spec. senses.
[f. L. popul-us people + -ist.]
lit. ‘A member of the People's party’ (Funk).
1. An adherent of a political party formed in the U.S. in Feb. 1892, the chief objects of which were public control of railways, limitation of private ownership of land, extension of the currency by free coinage of silver and increased issue of paper-money, a graduated income-tax, etc. Also attrib.
1892Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 8 Oct., It is officially reported from Democratic headquarters in Cheyenne, Wyoming, that fusion with the populists has been perfected. The Democrats will support Weaver electors and the People's party the Democratic State Ticket. 1892Pall Mall G. 14 Nov. 6/2 The United States Senate, after March 4, will be composed of forty-four Democrats, forty Republicans, and four Populists. 1893Goldw. Smith in 19th Cent. July 138 A peoples party,—Populists as by a barbarism they are called. 1901N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 278 The organization of the Populists, trampling under foot the Constitution, in pursuit of objects over a greater part of which Congress has no jurisdiction.
2. A member of a Russian socio-political party advocating a form of collectivism.
1895P. Milyoukov in Athenæum 6 July 25/1 The first [group] values primitive collectivism because it regards it as an inalienable trait in the character of the Russian people... [It] sticks to its old name of ‘Populists’. 190519th Cent. Jan. 43 Nobody but a ‘populist’ who loves the people..will come and stay.
3. A member of a group of French novelists in the late 1920s and early 1930s who placed emphasis upon observation of and sympathy with ordinary people.
[1929L. Lemonnier in Revue Mondiale 1 Oct. 285 Tous ces romanciers viennent de se grouper et de se donner un nom: ils veulent être les romanciers populistes. Ils entendent le mot dans un sens très large.] 1930[see populism b]. 1934PMLA XLIX. 361 A sort of Tolstoyan sympathy is a cardinal virtue in the eyes of the Populists. 1934N. & Q. 26 May 361/2 Eugène Dabit (a genuine proletarian), though a populist, begins somewhat to abandon the political and social neutrality.
4. One who seeks to represent the views of the mass of ordinary people.
1961Listener 30 Nov. 897/2 They are not Populists or Poujadists. 1972New Society 20 Jan. 131/1 LBJ was a true populist, as he recognised himself, remarking tartly (and justly enough) that it is ‘the term some liberals reserve for Progressives who come from the southern and western parts of the nation’. 1977Time 7 Mar. 7/1 Brogan questions whether Carter is a bona fide populist at all.
5. attrib. or as adj.
1893Nation (N.Y.) 19 Jan. 43/2 The situation results from the rise of the Populist party. 1898Nation (N.Y.) 7 July 6/2 The Populist Governor abused his power by appointing as commissioners only men of his own party. 1924Glasgow Herald 4 July 7 He [sc. the Russian intellectual] has lost much of his former ‘populist’ idealism, of his old worship of the people. 1928[see centrist b]. 1931French Rev. IV. 473 This paper will give an account of the rise and origins of the populist school. 1934R. Michaud Mod. Thought & Lit. in France xi. 228 A so-called ‘populist movement’ was launched in 1929 by Léon Lemonnier and André Thérive, as a protest against the précieux and individualistic novel and as a return to the great naturalistic traditions of Zola. 1954E. A. Shils in Christie & Jahoda Stud. Scope & Method of ‘The Authoritarian Personality’ 45 A vein of xenophobia, populist, anti-urban and anti-plutocratic sentiment. 1955H. Peyre Contemp. French Novel ii. 47 Duhamel never made a speciality of the study of misery, as did the proletarian novelists and later a short-lived group of ‘populist’ novelists (Henri Poulaille, André Thérive, Eugène Dabit). 1961Listener 7 Dec. 997/1 There is the ascending conception [of law and government], according to which the law-creating power may be ascribed to the community or people—the populist theory. 1968W. Safire New Lang. Politics 346/2 When the Populist candidate, General James B. Weaver, won 22 Electoral College and 1,029,846 popular votes in the 1892 election, many people..were fearful of impending revolution. 1969R. Blackburn in Cockburn & Blackburn Student Power 190 A wholesale revision of classic liberal democratic theory to eliminate its dangerously populist tendencies and to accommodate the elitist features of contemporary capitalist society. 1974M. B. Brown Econ. of Imperialism xi. 275 Populist forms of government in the ex-colonial underdeveloped lands were overthrown mainly because they failed to develop their economies. 1976Survey Summer-Autumn 15 There is little doubt that US policy..will be dominated by self-consciously populist politicians. 1977Time 21 Mar. 53/3 Ironically, the very success of Carter's populist appeal may cause him special backlash problems.
Hence popuˈlistic a.; popuˈlistically adv.
1894Chicago Advance 4 Oct., It was Mr. Bryan and his populistic ideas which were the bone of contention. 1902Nation (N.Y.) 19 June 490/2 The sentiment is populistic and the treatment of materials is eclectic. 1969D. MacRae in Ionescu & Gellner Populism 162 That Ireland did not produce a full-fledged populism—as distinct from populistic themes that continue through De Valera to the present—is a paradox of European history. 1971S. Cavell World Viewed 54 A film like Mr. Smith Goes to Washington..suggests, populistically,..that they are curable by the individual or mass goodness of the little people. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Apr. 457/2 A man with his own blend of simple, populistic dignity and even honesty. |