| 释义 |
poppet, n.|ˈpɒpɪt|
Forms: 4–6 popet, 5 poopet, 6 pop-, poppette, 6–8 poppit, 6– poppet. See also puppet.
[ME. popet, -ette, agreeing in sense with F. poupette doll, known in 1583, in Cotgr. 1611 ‘a little babie, puppet, bable’; a dim. of a form *poupe, not found in this sense in French; but cf. It. pupa, also puppa ‘a babie or puppet like a girle; used also for a lasse or wench’ (Florio):—Romanic *puppa for L. pūpa a girl, damsel, lass; also, a doll, puppet. Cf. Rhæt. popa, also late MHG. and Ger. puppe, MLG. poppe, Du. pop, all from Romanic, meaning ‘doll’; also F. poupée doll (13th c. in Littré). The absence from French of poupe in a corresponding sense, and of poupette before the 16th c., makes the immediate source of the ME. word uncertain. Poppet was the earlier form of puppet, with which in the earlier senses it agrees, but in sense 1 it is not contemptuous; it does not occur in several senses of puppet, but in sense 6 it is the usual form.]
1. A small or dainty person; in quot. 1699, a dwarf, pygmy; usually, in later use, a term of endearment for a pretty child, girl, or young woman; darling, pet. (Cf. puppet n. 1.)
c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas Prol. 11 This were a popet in an Arm tenbrace For any womman smal and fair of face. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 11635, I am a poopet, in sothnesse, Douhter to dame Ydelnesse. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. ii. xxix. (1612) 404 As one of the three chapmen was employed..abroad, so the pretty poppet his wife began to play the harlot at home. 1699Garth Dispensary vi. (1700) 79 So when the Pigmies..Wage puny War against th'invading Cranes; The Poppets to their Bodkin Spears repair. 1718Free-thinker No. 57 ⁋1, I have been always told that I was a very pretty Miss, and a sweet Poppet. 1830Miss Mitford Village Ser. iv. (1863) 253 The little girl as pretty a curly-headed, rosy-cheeked poppet, as ever was the pet and plaything of a large family. 1840F. Trollope Widow Married ii, So the darling poppet was not always prepared for company. 1849Dickens Dav. Copp. (1850) iv. 45 Davy, dear. If I ain't ben azackly as intimate with you. Lately, as I used to be. It ain't becase I don't love you. Just as well and more, my pretty poppet. 1937M. Allingham Dancers in Mourning ii. 26 ‘That how you see it, poppet?’ he said. 1954A. Seton Katherine xii. 201 ‘Whist, poppet!’ Hawise stroked the girl's arm. 1959E. H. Clements High Tension x. 163 Cheer up, poppet, it's going to be all right. 1973‘M. Underwood’ Reward for Defector i. 11 He cast a doting glance at his wife. ‘Well, poppet, it's time we were off.’ 1978D. Devine Sunk without Trace iii. 33 ‘No, you don't eat the spoon, poppet.’ She hoisted the child out of his chair and put him in the play-pen.
attrib.1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 38 Mainteine your untruth with pretie popet demaundes. 1719D'Urfey Pills II. 339 Those Poppet Hours are wasted now, I'll sneak and cringe no more.
†2.
a. A small figure in the form of a child or a human being; a doll; = puppet n. 2. Obs.
1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxxvi. 84 Childeren maken popetis for to pleyen with whyle they ben yonge. 1530Palsgr. 256/2 Popet for chyldre to play with, povpee. 1531Tindale Exp. 1 John v. (1537) 81 A chylde..yf he crye..men styll wyth a poppet. 1693Dryden Persius ii. Notes (1697) 434 Those Baby-Toys were little Babies, or Poppets, as we call them. 1729Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1861) I. 230 The little poppets are very well cut, but you must take more pains about the trees and shrubs, for no white paper must be left.
†b. A small human figure, used for purposes of sorcery or witchcraft. Obs.
13..K. Alis. 77 Of wax made him popetis, And made heom fyghte with battes [Bodley MS. popatrices..latrices]. 1693C. Mather Invis. World vii. (1862) 35 When there can be found their [witches'] Pictures, Poppets, and other Hellish Compositions. Ibid. xii. 137 They did in holes of the said old Wall, find several Poppets, made up of Rags and Hogs bristles, with headless Pins in them, the Points being outward. 1693in I. Mather Tryals New-Eng. Witches (1862) 213 Without any Poppits of Wax or otherwise.
†c. Contemptuously applied to an image used in worship; hence, any material thing worshipped; an idol, a maumet. Obs.
1550Bale Image Both Ch. i. Pref. A vj b, Bablynges, brawlinges, processyons, popettes, and suche other mad masteries. 1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 88 He [Nicephorus] also destroied al her [Irene's] poppets, sufferyng no images to remayne in the temples. 1687Dryden Hind. & P. iii. 780 You..will endeavour in succeeding space, Those houshold Poppits on our hearths to place. [1880Webb Goethe's Faust iii. vii. 164 And knead and mould your poppet well As many a foreign tale will tell.]
†3.
a. A human figure with jointed limbs, which can be moved by means of strings or wires; esp. one of the figures in a puppet-show; a marionette: see puppet n. 3. Also attrib. Obs.
a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. (1622) 160 As if they had beene poppets, whose motion stood only vpon her pleasure. a1610Babington Exp. Cath. Faith v, On Easter day in the morning they raise vp a Poppet, and make him walk by wyers and strings. a1694Tillotson Serm. cxxv. (1743) VII. 2162 These are mere engines and poppets in religion, all the motions we see without proceed from an artificial contrivance. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3823/4 No Permission shall be given for acting Plays,..or exposing any Poppets, or other things that may disturb the Fair. a1745Swift (L.), He writ, ‘A Merry Farce for Poppet’, Taught actors how to squeak and hop it.
†b. A person whose actions, while ostensibly his own, are really actuated and controlled by another; = puppet n. 3 b. Obs.
1550Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 78 b, Beholde here what popettes these lecherouse luskes made of their kynges. 1624Bp. R. Montagu Gagg vii. 62 Therefore in conclusion your texts of Scripture are not to any purpose at all to prove Peter's primacy, but you a poppet.
4. A cylindrical case for pins and needles, pencils, etc.; = puppet n. 6. Now dial.
1866Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. 642 Driven into the ‘pin-poppet’, the old name by which these curious cases were best known. 1903Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v., A smaller kind, called a pin-poppet, is used to hold pins and needles; a larger, called a pencil-poppet, is used by school-children for pens and pencils. ‘I want a poppet to keep my needles in’.
5. a. One of the upright pieces in a turning-lathe, in which the centres are fixed on which the work turns; a lathe-head; = puppet n. 7.
1665[see poppet-head 1]. 1875Carpentry & Join. 18 We have..designed the latter to take a circular saw as well, by adding the wooden poppets..with their centre screws. 1881Young Ev. Man his own Mechanic §526 From a strong frame called the lathe-bed rises a couple of uprights called heads or poppets.
b. An overhanging or projecting bracket supporting a pendulum or the like: cf. cock n.1 16.
1779Trans. Soc. Arts (1783) I. 240 The aforesaid pendulum suspended from a brass or metal poppet, called a cock.
c. = poppet-valve.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Poppet (Steam-engine), a valve having an axial stem and reciprocating vertically on its seat. See Puppet-valve.
attrib.1902Lieut. Dawson in 19th Cent. Feb. 225 The inlet and exhaust valves are of the poppet type.
6. Naut. Applied to short pieces of wood, used for various purposes: esp.
a. Stout vertical squared pieces placed beneath a ship's hull to support her in launching;
b. Pieces on the gunwale of a boat, supporting the wash-strake, and forming the rowlocks;
c. The bars with which the capstan is turned.
c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 138 Poppets, those pieces (mostly fir) which are fixed perpendicularly between a ship's bottom and the bilgeways, at the fore and aftermost parts of a ship, to support her in launching. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Also, poppets on the gunwale of a boat support the wash-strake, and form the rowlocks. 1886J. M. Caulfeild Seamanship Notes 1 Always see your poppets shipped and fenders in. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 70 A series of struts or ‘poppets’ is raised on them [the sliding ways, to launch a ship].
7. attrib. and Comb., as † poppet deity (sense 2 c), poppet spindle (sense 5); poppet-holes, the holes in the drumhead of the capstan in which the bars are inserted; poppet-leg (Australia), one of the upright pieces of timber at the mouth of the shaft of a mine, supporting the piece from which the cage is suspended: cf. poppet-head 2. (For poppet-play, -show, -valve, see puppet-play, etc.)
a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. iii. (1642) 184 To appease the fury, forsooth, of their angry *poppet Deities.
1886J. M. Caulfeild Seamanship Notes 3 Parts of the Capstan. Drum head,..*poppet holes.
1890Melbourne Argus 26 May 7/8 Wanted, 4 *Poppet Legs, bluegum, separate prices, 65 ft., 70 ft., 75 ft. long, 12 in. to 15 in. small end. 1896Westm. Gaz. 20 Apr. 8/1 The forests around will supply good straight timber, suitable for all mining purposes, inclusive of poppet legs.
1873J. Richards Wood-working Factories 85 For drilling, have a stem pad,..to go into the *poppet spindle.
Hence † ˈpoppet v. trans., to treat as a poppet, to carry like an image or effigy. Obs.
1748Richardson Clarissa (1810) V. ii. 15 These lines of Rowe have got into my head; and I shall repeat them very devoutly all the way the chairmen shall poppet me towards her by-and-by. |