| 释义 |
▪ I. ret, n.1
[f. ret v.2]
Retting.
1849Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. X. i. 178 If the stem then breaks freely, and the fibre leaves it easily, it will have got a good ret, as it is called. 1949Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xi. 62 Ret, n. and v.t., a special form of rot. The process by which the stalk is prepared for separating the fibre—the rotting of the woody stalk. 1958New Biol. XXVII. 15 In most countries the deseeded flax straw is now retted in warm water in concrete tanks. In the anaerobic ret largely practised in Belgium, the tanks are filled with air-dried straw which is then covered with water at a temperature of 18–27° C.
▪ II. ret, n.2
(See quots.)
1874Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 268 Ret, an abbreviation of the word reiteration, used to denote the forme which, in a printing-office, backs or perfects paper already printed on one side. 1960G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 346/1 Ret, the second side of a sheet of paper.
▪ III. † ret, v.1 Obs.
in 4–5 rette (5 rettyn, rectyn); pa. tense 4 retted(e, -id, rett; pa. pple. 4 rettid, 6 rected; 5 ret, 5–6 rette.
[ad. OF. retter, recter, reter, = Prov., Sp., and Pg. reptar (mod.Sp. also retar):—L. reputāre: see repute v. and cf. aret v.]
1. trans. To impute, ascribe, or attribute to one; to regard as resting in or lying on one.
13..K. Alis. 7247 Al theo lore in him Y rette: Y schal yeilde wel his dette! a1340Hampole Psalter xxxi. 2 Blisful man til whaim lord rettid noght synn. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 978, I schal therfore haue harm and schame, For men wol rette on me the blame. c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 32 In hire may noght be rette bot vertuouse honoure.
2. To accuse, charge (a person). Const. of, to.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 64 For Gospatrik was slayn, þei blamed him þer in... Tostus of Cumbirland retted Godwyn þer tille. 1527Rastell Abridg. Stat. s.v. Maymprise, [If he] be not rette of other felonie before or rette of reseuynge of felones [etc.].
3. To reckon, repute.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 357 Men shulden rette hem eretikis, & so not comyne wiþ hem. c1386Chaucer Prol. 726, I preye ȝowe..That ȝe ne ret it nowht my velenye. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 8882 Thei se now me on bak be-set, Mi vylony it wol be ret.
▪ IV. ret, v.2
Forms: α. 5 rettyn, retyn, 9 ret; β. 6 rayte, 7– rate, rait.
[Of somewhat obscure history. The E. Anglian ret (earlier inf. retten, reten) resembles MDu. reeten, reten (still in use); but the northern forms rayt, rait, rate appear rather to indicate an ON. *reyta (represented by mod.Norw. røyta, Sw. röta, Da. røde), which corresponds to MDu. rooten, roten (Du. roten; dial. also röten, reuten), MLG. rôten, râten, MHG. rôz̧en, rœz̧en (G. rötzen, rösten, etc.). These forms are connected with the stem of rot v., but it is difficult to regard Du. reten as a variant from the same stem.]
1. trans. To soak (esp. flax or hemp) in water, or expose to moisture, in order to soften or season. (Cf. dew-ret and water-ret.)
αc1440Promp. Parv. 431/1 Rettyn tymbyr, hempe, or oþer lyke (K.P., retyn tymbyr, flax or hempe), rigo, infundo. 1710–[cf. dew-ret and water-ret]. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Ret, to soak, to macerate in water. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 483 Prior to being retted, the flax should be sorted according to the length..of its stalks. 1897Daily News 1 June 1/1 Threshing the hemp and flax... Tanks for retting the straw.
β1533Eng. Misc. (Surtees, 1890) 34 That no man shall rayte nowther hempe ne lyne. 1607N. Riding Rec. I. 85 Presented for watering or rating their hemp. 1691Ray N.C. Words, To Rait Timber; and so Flax and Hemp, to put it into a Pond or Ditch, to water it, to harden or season it. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Hemp, They proceed to water or rate it, by laying it five or six days in a pool,..to rot the bark. 1788W. Marshall Yorksh. II. 74 Here it lies until it be sufficiently ‘rated’; namely until the woodlike substance of the stems will separate freely from the filaments or flaxen fibres. 1839Stonehouse Axholme 20 Putting their hemp to be rated in the waters of the said wastes. 1876Robinson Mid-Yorks. Gloss. s.v. Rate, Timber is rated by being exposed through all seasons.
2. Of hay, etc. In pass.: To be spoiled by exposure to wet.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 34 Then sure it is to be rated, and beinge rated looseth both the goode smell and goode taste. 1788W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss. s.v. Rait, Hay is said to be raited when it has been much exposed to an alternacy of wet and dry weather. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss. s.v. Rate, Hay or clover is said to be rated when by exposure to rain it has become well-nigh worthless for fodder.
3. trans. and intr. To rot.
1846Brockett N.C. Gloss. (ed. 3) s.v. Rate, Quicklime rates the sods in a compost heap. Sods rate fast in that heap. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Rate, to become rotten.
Hence ret-pit (rate-pit), a retting-pit.
1571in N.W. Linc. Gloss. (1877).
▪ V. † ret, v.3 Obs. rare.
[Of obscure origin.]
intr. (See quot. a1670.)
c1645Cleveland Vindiciæ (1677) 128 You were in hopes to retrieve your Money, and Verily, Verily Ret never springs the Partridge. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1692) 109 Like Spaniels that rett after Larks and Sparrows in the Field, and pass over the best Game.
▪ VI. ret
obs. 3 sing. pres. indic. read v., rede v.1 |