| 释义 |
polymolecular, a. Chem.|pɒlɪməˈlɛkjʊlə(r)|
[ad. G. polymolekular (Van 't Hoff & Cohen Studien zu chem. Dynamik (1896) 4): see molecular a.]
a. In chemical kinetics: having or pertaining to an order or a molecularity of more than one.
1896T. Ewan tr. Van 't Hoff & Cohen's Stud. Chem. Dynamics 4 We will call a change in which the interaction of several molecules is required, polymolecular. 1896Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXX. ii. 158 (heading) The velocity law of polymolecular reactions. 1937Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LIX. 2539/2 The polymolecular nature of the solvolysis is strongly evidenced by the fact that it occurs only with a high concentration of hydroxylic molecules.
b. Consisting of or built up from more than one molecule.
1930Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LII. 4110 The direct preparation of this anhydride by the removal of water from the acid should give a polymolecular product. 1936Trans. Faraday Soc. XXXII. 116 Oleic acid is bimolecular in apolar solvents, and forms polymolecular micelles in aqueous alkaline solution.
c. With reference to a film or layer: being more than one molecule in thickness. Of adsorption: characterized by the formation of such a layer.
1931Jrnl. Physical Chem. XXXV. 869 There was no evidence that the layer of adsorbed molecules was of polymolecular thickness. 1931J. W. McBain Sorption of Gases & Vapours by Solids x. 325 Such built-up polymolecular layers differ in principle from the third conception,..that all the molecules coming within a certain range of the solid are directly attracted. 1972M. M. Dubinin in F. Ricca Adsorption-Desorption Phenomena 4 On the surface of intermediate pores there occurs monomolecular and polymolecular adsorption of vapours.
d. Consisting of macromolecules which have similar polymeric structures but differing molecular weights. Cf. polydisperse a.
1940Chem. Abstr. XXXIV. 1228 Such compds. of high mol. wt. are also polymolecular and yield polydisperse solns. Since compds. whose mols. are identical with respect to structure and mol. wt...may form in soln. colloidal particles of varying size, polydispersivity is a condition or state whereas polymer homogeneity and polymolecularity are properties of mols. 1943H. M Spurlin in E. Ott Cellulose V. ix. 930 The expression ‘polymolecular’ is preferable to ‘polydisperse’ as a term to describe systems composed of molecules all having substantially the same chemical composition and mode of linkage but differing in chain length. 1970Fock & Fried tr. Staudinger's From Org. Chem. to Macromolecules 116 In order to characterize a polymolecular macromolecular material with accuracy, it is necessary to know its distribution and to determine how many low and high molecular parts it contains. 1976H.-G. Elias in K. Solc Order in Polymer Solutions 218 Most synthetic polymers are polymolecular, i.e., the unimers possess a distribution of degrees of polymerization.
Hence polymolecuˈlarity, the condition or property of being polymolecular (esp. in sense d); as a back-formation polyˈmolecule, a polymeric molecule.
1938Chem. Abstr. XXXII. 2810 A distinction is made between the terms polydispersion and polymolecularity. 1940[see sense d above]. 1943H. M. Spurlin in E. Ott Cellulose V. ix. 930 The quantitative relationships between such physical properties as viscosity in solution, physical strength, and flexibility of films may differ as the degree of polymolecularity is changed. 1951Jrnl. Polymer Sci. VII. 400 Let us take a momentary picture of an assembly of equal polymolecules of polymerization degree P each carrying ν charged groups. 1964Biophysical Jrnl. IV. i. Suppl. 11 As a first demonstration of the joint operation of polymeric and electrical properties within polyelectrolyte molecules, we shall consider the shape dynamics of charged polymolecules. 1976H. -G. Elias in K. Solc Order in Polymer Solutions 218 The problem on [sic] how the polymolecularity of the unimers influences the polydispersity of the multimers has been solved recently for end-to-end and segment-to-segment associations. |