| 释义 |
polyethylene|pɒlɪˈɛθɪliːn|
[Back-formation from polyethylenic a. Cf. F. polyéthylène (Berthelot 1867, in Jrnl. de Pharm. et de Chim. VI. 28).]
a. Chem. Used attrib. in the names of polymeric substances prepared from derivatives of ethylene, as † polyethylene alcohol = next; polyethylene glycol, any polymer of ethylene glycol; esp. any of a series of water-soluble oligomers and polymers which have the structure H{b1}(OCH2CH2)n{b1}OH, of which the lower members are used as solvents and the higher esp. as waxes; polyethylene oxide, any polymer having the structure{b1}(OCH2CH2)n{b1}; esp. any of the thermoplastics of high molecular weight made from ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol (usu. by copolymerization of both) and used esp. as water-soluble films; polyethylene terephthalate, a thermoplastic condensation polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid which is widely used to make polyester fibres.
1862Miller Elem. Chem. (ed. 2) III. 251 note, These bodies [Glycol, Diethylene alcohol and Triethylene alcohol]..are termed polyethylene alcohols by Wurtz. 1884Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. ii. 37 Ethylene glycol,..in its turn, combines with the free ethylene oxide to form polyethylene alcohols.
1886E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Org. Chem. 258 (heading) Polyethylene glycols or alcohols. 1947R. L. Wakeman Chem. Commercial Plastics xxvi. 779 Polyethylene glycols are..soluble in both water and aromatic hydrocarbons. 1971P. Tooley High Polymers ii. 43 Polyethylene glycols..vary from oily liquids to waxy solids according to their degree of polymerization.
1930Chem. Abstr. XXIV. 3003 On cooling the fused polyethylene oxides they crystallize like paraffin. 1935C. Ellis Chem. Synthetic Resins II. l. 991 All the polyethylene oxides were shown by X-ray diagrams to be crystalline and viscosity measurements indicated a meandering structure for the molecule. 1969L. S. Mounts in W. R. R. Park Plastics Film Technol. v. 140 The solubility of PVA and polyethylene oxide films increases with increasing water temperature.
1946Astbury & Brown in Nature 14 Dec. 871 Polyethylene terephthalate (terylene) gives a well-oriented x-ray fibre diagram. 1967E. Chambers Photolitho-Offset ix. 118 The more recent introduction of the thermoplastic material polyethylene terephthalate..as a support for photographic emulsions has increased considerably the dimensional stability of films. 1967Times Rev. Industry June 70/3 Polysulphones, polyphenylene oxide and polyethylene terephthalate..are claimed to have improved creep resistance and temperature stability.
b. Chiefly N. Amer. = polythene. Also attrib. and Comb.
1939Plastics III. 289/1 Compounding polyethylenes with polyisobutylenes has yielded some very useful compounds. 1942Electronic Engin. Mar. 668/2 Polyethylene and polyisobutylene..are finding extensive use as flexible coatings for wires intended for low-loss work. 1956Nature 25 Feb. 393/1 The reaction was also measured in a polyethylene flask. Ibid. 3 Mar. 440/1 A polyethylene-covered magnetic stirring bar. 1966T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 56 Suddenly, a dozen boats away, a form, covered with a blue polyethylene tarp, rose up. 1967Economist 30 Sept. 1225/1 Heavy over-capacity seems to be on the way in Europe in the production of high-density polyethylene (polythene). 1968J. Updike in Transatlantic Rev. xxviii. 6 The hydra's swollen coelenteron..veiled the preceding meals like polyethylene film protecting a rack of dry-cleaned suits. 1969L. S. Mounts in W. R. R. Park Plastics Film Technol. v. 122 Polyethylene films also are used in many nonpackaging applications. 1969Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 7 Dec. 26/5 A new television antenna designed for boats... An entire signal receiving system anchored in polyethylene foam. 1976Country Life 22 Jan. 211/1 A fabric of the future... Spun, bonded polyethylene, a synthetic material made from bonded, random fibres. |