| 释义 |
podzol Soil Sci.|ˈpɒdzɒl|
Also podsol, and formerly also with capital initial.
[a. Russ. podzól, f. pod- under- + zolá ash.]
An acidic, generally infertile soil which is characterized by a well-marked white or grey ash-like subsurface layer from which minerals have been leached into a lower dark-coloured layer, and which occurs esp. under coniferous trees or heath vegetation in moist, usu. temperate climates (typically in parts of N. Russia). Orig. applied only to the ash-like layer itself.
[1906E. W. Hilgard Soils x. 186 Woodlands of northern countries bearing beech and oak are especially apt to be benefited by the action of lime on the ‘raw’, acid humous soil and underlying hardpan, which is commonly under⁓laid by a leaden-blue sandy subsoil (‘Bleisand’ of the Germans, ‘Podzol’ of the Russians) colored brown by earth humates.] 1908Jrnl. Agric. Sci. III. 83 The most characteristic feature of the Podzol..is the dissolution and removal of soluble parts of silicates..and an increase in the percentage of insoluble silica. 1912H. B. Woodward Geol. Soils & Substrata vii. 82 Of mixed soils, the Podzol of Russia, as described by Professor Glinka, consists of sands, loams, and clays, locally calcareous, but generally poor in mineral plant food. 1927C. F. Marbut tr. Glinka's Great Soil Groups of World 71 All these profiles of Russian soils belong to the Podsols. This term is used to designate soils which have a pronounced and well developed whitish A2 horizon. If this horizon is not well developed, and the corresponding horizon contains whitish specks and stringers the soil is said to be Podsolic. 1928Ecology IX. 177 Originally, the term podsol applied more specifically to the gray-colored zone, though now it is commonly used to describe the entire profile. 1934Forestry VIII. 25 Podzol soils owe their name to the presence of an ashy-grey layer which underlies the surface layer of dead vegetation and plant roots. 1936Nature 17 Oct. 692/2 This utilization of the physical character and colour of the soil..is a novelty to glacialists from the leached podsol areas of the north-west. 1946F. E. Zeuner Dating Past v. 124 Brownearth and podsol soils are characteristic of the humid-temperate countries. 1972J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. ii. 63 A coarse sandy deposit in Sherwood Forest..also showed signs of podsol features only 25–30 years after replanting with pine. 1973Sci. Amer. Dec. 64/2 The tropical podzols are useless even for shifting agriculture; the Dayak peoples of Borneo call them kerangas: ‘land on which one cannot grow rice’.
Hence podˈzolic (or -ds-) a., of the nature of or resembling a podzol in possessing a layer from which some leaching of bases has occurred.
1927C. F. Marbut tr. Glinka's Great Soil Groups of World 44 We can see again the change from Tschernosem to gray forest soils and the latter into Podsolic soils in the vicinity of Borshom. 1932G. W. Robinson Soils xvi. 315 The soils of Great Britain belong mainly to the podsolic group. 1952P. W. Richards Tropical Rain Forest ix. 209 If the American view is accepted, a lateritic soil can also be podzolic. 1973P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. iii. 46 Some heath lands of northern Europe, with acid litter and leached soils, reveal podzolic profiles. |