| 释义 |
pneumothorax Path.|ˌpnjuːməʊˈθɔəræks, njuː-|
Pl. -thoraces, -thoraxes.
[a. F. pneumothorax (E. H. Itard Dissertation sur le Pneumothorax ou les Congestions gazeuses qui se forment dans la Poitrine (1803), f. as pneumo- + thorax.]
a. The presence of air or gas in the cavity of the thorax, i.e. of the pleura; usually caused by a wound or by perforation of the lung. Also pneumatothorax (see pneumato-).
1821J. Forbes tr. Laennec's Treat. Dis. of Chest I. ii. v. 204 The disease is named by M. Itard, Pneumo-thorax. Ibid., The author..considers the pneumo-thorax as an affection always consequent to and depending on a latent phthisis. 1825[see pneumatothorax s.v. pneumato-]. 1843Sir T. Watson Lect. Princ. & Pract. Physic liii. II. 120 When the pleura contains air alone, the patient is said to have pneumothorax. 1894Pall Mall G. 20 Dec. 7/3 It seems not improbable that the immediate cause of [Stevenson's] death may have been pneumothorax. 1974R. J. McCormack in Smith & Williams Surg. of Lung x. 241 All but the smallest pneumothoraces should be treated initially with intercostal water-seal drainage.
b. Pneumothorax may be induced diagnostically, or therapeutically so as to cause relaxation of a lung; it is then usu. known as artificial pneumothorax.
1885Lancet 16 May 894/2 Mr. Charters Symonds spoke of the induction of artificial pneumothorax as having been suggested by Dr. Mahomed in a case on which they had held a consultation. The aim of the operation was to be the arrest of phthisis. 1923Brit. Jrnl. Tuberculosis XVII. 109 When inducing an artificial pneumothorax, the gas employed is usually oxygen, but after the first insufflation nitrogen or filtered air may be equally well used. 1927H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann's Magic Mountain I. iii. 66 That was Hermine Kleefeld, she whistles with her pneumothorax. 1937A. J. Cronin Citadel iv. viii. 320 He was chary of using pneumothorax and his percentage of inductions was the lowest in the hospital. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xviii. 74/1 Once a mainstay of treatment for the control of tuberculous lesions, therapeutic artificial pneumothorax has now been abandoned. In modern medicine artificial pneumothorax is occasionally used as diagnostic procedure. |