| 释义 |
Plinian, a. and n.|ˈplɪnɪən|
[ad. L. Plīniānus, f. Plīnius Pliny (see also sense A. 2). In B, a. Ger. plinian.]
A. adj.
1. Belonging to or named after Pliny, esp. Pliny the elder, C. Plinius Secundus, the naturalist (a.d. 23–79).
1649Ogilby tr. Virg. Georg. ii. (1684) 79 note, Salmasius (in his Plinian Exercitations) takes it for a Fable. 1962D. Harden Phoenicians xi. 154 The Plinian tradition that glass was invented in Phoenicia.
2. Also plinian. Applied to (the stage of) a volcanic eruption in which a narrow blast of gas is ejected with great violence from a central vent to a height of several miles before it expands sideways. [In this sense ad. It. Pliniano (A. Stoppani Corso di Geologia (1871) I. ii. v. 310); so called because the eruption of Vesuvius in a.d. 79, which killed Pliny the Elder and was described by his nephew the younger Pliny, was of this kind.]
Quots. 1884, 1897 refer specifically to the eruption of a.d. 79.
[1884H. J. Johnston-Lavis in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XL. 37 Some authors have supposed that the principal part of the Vesuvian cone was thrown up by the eruption which destroyed Pompeii... Let us imagine the condition of affairs towards the termination of the Plinian eruption. 1897I. C. Russell Volcanoes N. Amer. i. 16 Following the Plinian eruption Vesuvius became quiet once more.] 1903A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 4) I. 278 Three phases of its [sc. Vesuvius'] energy are recognised... In the third and most vigorous phase, which has been termed Plinian,..large volumes of steam, dust, ashes, scoriæ, bombs and blocks are expelled with great violence high into the air and fall around the crater, while occasionally streams of lava issue from rents in the cone. 1944A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xx. 466 Four days after the paroxysm [of Vesuvius in 1906]—the Vesuvian phase—began, it culminated in a mighty uprush of gases—the Plinian phase..—which continued for the greater part of a day,..tearing away the upper portions of the cone, and reaching a height of 8 miles. 1965R. Furneaux Krakatoa iii. 37 Its occasional ‘Plinian’ outbursts bring Vesuvius within the same classification as Krakatoa. 1975Fielder & Wilson Volcanoes of Earth, Moon & Mars iv. 47/2 The pyroclastic blanket could easily be generated by a lunar plinian eruption. 1976P. Francis Volcanoes iii. 114 Probably the best modern example of a Plinian eruption was that of the Bezymianny volcano in Kamchatka.
B. n. Min. Name given by Breithaupt (1846) to a supposed monoclinic variety of cobaltiferous arsenopyrite.
1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 80 Arsenopyrite, or Mispickel... Plinian. 1896Chester Dict. Min., Plinian... A syn. of arsenopyrite, the new name being given because it was supposed to be monoclinic. |