| 释义 |
‖ plica|ˈplɪkə, ˈplaɪkə|
Pl. plicæ: see also sense 4.
[med.L. plica plait, fold, f. plicāre to fold: see ply. In F. plique; also, in sense 1, plica.]
1. Path. (More fully ˈplica poˈlonica.) A matted filthy condition of the hair due to disease; Polish plait (plait n. 2 c).
1684Boyle Porousn. Anim. Bodies vii, That disease, which, from the country it most infests, is called the Plica Polonica. 1693Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Plica, an epidemical Disease in Polonia, when their Hairs grow together like a Cow's Tail. 1731Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 51 The Plica has been always..thought to be a Distemper. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxx. 383 The phenomena of plica polonica,..establishes the vitality of the hair. 1893Nation (N.Y.) 23 Mar. 217/1 The terrible disease of the hair, the plica polonica, is said to have entirely disappeared.
2. A fold or folding of any part, as of the skin or a membrane. In Entom. a fold-like ridge or carina; spec. an elytral ridge in Coleoptera.
1706Phillips, Plica, (Lat.) a Pleat, Fold or Wrinkle. 1754–64Smellie Midwif. I. 95 The internal membrane of the neck and Fundus, which is likewise full of plicæ. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 131 (Annelides) The plicæ lamellar, close, waved, vertical. 1849[see plication 2].
3. Bot. (See quot.)
1866Treas. Bot. 906 Plica, an excessive multiplication of small twigs, instead of branches.
4. Medieval Mus. (Also with pl. plicas.) A notational symbol, variously interpreted but now usu. considered to represent a type of ornament; the ornament indicated. Also attrib.
1782C. Burney Gen. Hist. Mus. II. iii. 188 Few of the musical terms in the tract of Franco, are more difficult to comprehend or define than the word Plica, which he calls ‘a note of division of the same sound, ascending or descending.’ 1801T. Busby Dict. Mus. s.v., Plica, the name formerly given to a kind of ligature used in the old music as a sign of hesitation, or pausing. 1881Grove Dict. Mus. III. 4/1 Plica..a character, mentioned by Franco of Cologne, Joannes de Muris, and other early writers, whose accounts of it are not always very easily reconciled to each other. Franco describes four kinds... Joannes de Muris describes the Plica as a sign of augmentation, similar in effect to the Point. Franco tells us that it may be added at will to the Long, or the Breve; but to the semibreve only when it appears in Ligature. Some other writers apply the term ‘Plica’ to the tail of a Large, or Long. The Descending Plica is sometimes identified with the Cephalicus. 1903C. F. A. Williams Story of Notation vi. 101 In the sixth chapter Franco treats of the Plica. 1940G. Reese Music in Middle Ages (1941) iii. x. 283 Another type of ornament was notated by the plica. This was attached to either single notes..or ligatures... When it was applied to single notes, usually two parallel strokes of unequal length were added to the note-head. These strokes, enfolding the head, gave the plica its name. 1942W. Apel Notation of Polyphonic Music, 900–1600 (1944) iii. iii. 234 The plica is a passing tone which is indicated..by a downward or upward dash attached to the right of a note. In modal notation, the plica appears preferably in connection with ligatures. Ibid. 235 We shall carefully distinguish between plica-note and plica-tone. The former term refers to the written note to which the plica-dash is attached; the latter to the extra tone called for by the dash. 1954New Oxf. Hist. Music II. 325 The plica..is a short stroke which modifies the single square note, leading either upwards or downwards. Ibid., The instructions of the medieval theorists most often quoted are those of the Anonymus of Paris, who in his Quædam de arte discantandi tells us that ‘it should be formed in the throat with the epiglottis’, and of Lambert, who wrote under the pen-name of Aristotle: ‘The plica is made in the voice by compressing the epiglottis, combining it neatly with a repercussion of the voice.’ Ibid., The second, semi-vocal, note of the plica is not an ad libitum ornament..but has a time-value of its own, one-third or one-half of that which would belong to the parent note if it were not plicated. 1957C. Parrish Notation of Medieval Music (1958) v. 130 Plicas are used sparingly. 1979Early Music Apr. 189/1 The plica is a note with stems on both sides of the note head and is meant to be sung as two pitches, the first one specified by the position of the note head, the second one unspecified, but lying above or below the first note, depending on the direction of the stems. |