| 释义 |
pleonasm|ˈpliːənæz(ə)m|
Formerly in Lat. form pleoˈnasmus.
[ad. L. pleonasmus (Mart.), a. Gr. πλεονασµός, f. πλεονάζειν to be superfluous or redundant, also in Gram. to add superfluously, f. πλέον more, compar. of πολύ much. Cf. F. pléonasme (1613).]
1. Gram. and Rhet. The use of more words in a sentence than are necessary to express the meaning; redundancy of expression (either as a fault of style, or as a figure purposely used for special force or clearness); with a and pl., an instance of this, or the superfluous word or phrase itself.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 82 Pleonasmus, where, with words seeming superfluous, we doe increase our reasons, as thus, With these eares I heard him speake it. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. (Arb.) 264 The first surplusage the Greekes call Pleonasmus, I call him (too full speech) and is no great fault. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God (1620) 15 Some thinke the preposition επί to be here a Pleonasme..and that σκοπος and ἐπίσκοπος is all one. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 12, I require a favourable censure of all faults omitted, harsh compositions, pleonasms of words, tautological repetitions, &c. 1681R. Wittie Surv. Heavens 28, I take it to be a Pleonasm, a Figure frequently used in Scripture. 1741Warburton Div. Legat. II. 556 The genius of the Hebrew tongue, which so much delights in pleonasms. 1860Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cxiv. 45 What the energetic pleonasm of our ancestors denominated ‘a false lie’.
†b. Gram. The addition of a superfluous (or apparently superfluous) letter or syllable to a word. Obs. rare.
1678Phillips (ed. 4), Pleonasm, in Grammar it is the adding of a Letter or Syllable, either to the beginning of a word, and is then called Prosthesis, or to the middle, and is then called Epenthesis, or to the end, and is then called Paragoge. 1763Swinton in Phil. Trans. LIV. 131 A pleonasmus or redundancy of {hebmem} having not been antiently uncommon.
2. gen. Superfluity, redundancy, excess; something superfluous or redundant. In mod. use only fig. from 1.
1617Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 3) 609 If it come short of the Turke in Geometricall dimension of ground, it is with a great pleonasme supplyed by the fertilitie of his Soyle, and in the vnion of all his Territories. 1673Indulgence not to be Refused 3 It is but a pleonasme or overflow of that great kindness. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. (1877) I. xix. 369 This hypothesis is not only a psychological solecism, it is, likewise, a psychological pleonasm; it is at once illegitimate and superfluous. 1855Miss Cobbe Intuit. Mor. 19 This great school of souls would be a superfluity, a pleonasm in creation.
b. Anat. and Path. A growth or formation in excess of the normal, in size or number of parts.
1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Pleonasmus. Med., Pathol., Physiol., term for a faulty formation, with a stronger growth, or an over-number or over-quantity of parts: a pleonasm. [1895Syd. Soc. Lex., Pleonasmus.] |