| 释义 |
‖ plectrum|ˈplɛktrəm|
Pl. -a.
[L., a. Gr. πλῆκτρον anything to strike with, esp. an instrument for striking the lyre; also, a spear-point, cock's spur, etc.; f. πλήσσειν to strike.]
1. A small instrument of ivory, horn, quill, or metal, with which the strings of the cithara or lyre were plucked; now used for playing wire-strung instruments, as the zither, guitar, or mandolin.
1626Bacon Sylva §102 The Sound is not created between the Bow or Plectrum, and the String; But between the String and the Aire. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Mus. v. 69 note, On the first rude Formation of Instruments, the Plectrum would give the more clear and effectual Stroke. 1806Moore Genius of Harmony ii, A liquid chord is every wave that flows, An airy plectrum every breeze that blows! 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 52 To take up the lyre and tune the notes, and play with the fingers, or strike with the plectrum.
2. Anat., Ornith., and Ent.: see quots.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. xlvi. 339 Plectrum,..a marginal bristle stronger than the rest, observable about the middle of the costa and standing out from it. Ex. Many Muscidæ. 1842Dunglison Med. Lex., Plectrum, the styloid process of the temporal bone. Also, the uvula and the tongue. 1895Syd. Soc. Lex., Plectrum..Ornith., a spur on the wing or foot.
3. attrib., as plectrum banjo, plectrum guitar, plectrum lute (lute n.1 1 a).
1954Grove's Dict. Mus. (ed. 5) I. 401/2 The banjo played with the fingers is referred to as the ‘finger-style’ banjo, to distinguish it from the instrument (called the ‘*plectrum banjo’) which is played with a plectrum. 1961A. Birch in A. Baines Mus. Instrum. through Ages 182 The standard instrument is the ‘finger-style’ banjo with five gut or nylon strings tuned d′, b, g, c, g′, i.e. with the highest string on the left of the bass (and with its peg midway along the neck.) The ‘plectrum banjo’ omits this half-length string.
1956I. Mairants in S. Traill Play that Music ix. 94 The *plectrum guitar with wire strings for dance music and jazz. 1961A. Birch in A. Baines Mus. Instrum. through Ages 182 In the early days of jazz, the banjo was replaced by the ‘plectrum guitar’... The plectrum guitar has metal strings fastened not usually to the bridge..but to a tailpiece screwed to the end of the instrument.
1970P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 109 Kambreh, *plectrum lute played widely in the Savannah regions. |