| 释义 |
▪ I. plash, n.1|plæʃ|
Forms: 1 plæsc, plesc; 4 plasch, 5 plaisshe, playche, 5–6 plasche, 6 plasshe, 5– plash, (6, 9 dial. plesh, 9 dial. plosh).
[OE. plæsc, ME. plasch, cognate with MDu., Flem. plasch pool, also MDu., Du., MLG., LG. plas, LG. plasse; app. of the same origin as plash v.2, prob. onomatopœic: cf. flash n.1 From the LG. came also OF. plasquier, plasquis, plassis a marsh (Froiss.), plascq a damp meadow (Tournai 1443).]
A shallow piece of standing water, a pool made by inundation or by the rain; a marshy pool; a puddle.
963Grant by K. Eadgar in Birch Cart. Sax. III. 355 In duobus locis quæ sic vocitantur Plesc et Eastun. Ibid. 356 ærest of plæsc in þone broc..of mæne leᵹe to þam broce, of þam brocæ þæt æft in plesc. a1400Morte Arth. 2799 Be-twyx a plasche and a flode, appone a flate lawnde. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 6226 Eche stede stod ful, bothe plasch & polk, Of mennes blode that died there. c1440Promp. Parv. 403/1 Plasche, or flasche, where reyne watyr stondythe. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 799/40 Hec lacuna, a playche of water. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxcviii. 691 Before them there was a great plasshe of standynge water. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. viii. 36 The red blood flowed fresh, That underneath his feet soone made a purple plesh. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxiii. §41 Two frogs..consulted when their plash was drie whither they should go. 1648–78Hexham Dutch Dict., Plas, Plasch, Plash of water. 1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 539 When crossing any plash of water, she lifted him over. 1868J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 385 Plosh sb., puddle, liquid mire, like the sloppy mud on a road after much rain. 1871Tennyson Last Tourn. 420 Many a glancing plash and sallowy isle. 1895J. Thomas Randigal Rhymes 22 Nor don't ee lag, or stag yourself By stanking through the plosh. 1930H. Walpole Rogue Herries iii. 495 He found himself in the little dark wood,..his feet in plosh and mire.
Comb.1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vi. (1626) 116 With shrubby osiers, and plash-louing reeds.
▪ II. plash, n.2 (adv. or int.)
Also plosh.
[Goes with plash v.2, being (though known earlier) app. the n. naming the act. In sense it is more directly akin to the vb. than to plash n.1]
The noise made when any body strikes the surface of water so as to break it up, or plunges into or through it; an act accompanied by this noise; a plunge, a splash.
1513Douglas æneis ix. xiii. 82 Than at the last, al suddanly, with a plasch, Harnes and all togiddir..[he] lap into the flude. 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 21 Doune the pilot tumbleth wyth plash round soommoned headlong. 1808Scott Marm. vi. xxxiv, Tweed's echoes heard the ceaseless plash, While many a broken band, Disordered, through her currents dash, To gain the Scottish land. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. liv. 34 The plash of numberless oars. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt vii, Mr. Christian here let a lemon slip from his hand into the punch-bowl with a plash which sent some of the nectar into the company's faces. 1876C. C. Robinson Gloss. Dial. Mid-Yorks. 103/2 Plosh is much more heard than ‘plodge’, and, as a substantive, bears relation to an object as well as an action. Plosh is anything of the nature and consistency of a puddle, into which, if a hasty foot be placed, or a stick let fall, there results a plosh. 1882Mrs. J. H. Riddell Pr. Wales' Garden-Party 65 There was the plash of a water-fowl in the stream. 1893Leland Mem. I. 12 The mighty sturgeon..falling on his side with a plash. 1928Blunden Undertones of War 138 The plosh of the whizzing fuse-top into the muck. 1935S. Desmond African Log xlii. 208 ‘To listen to the silence of the forest’, to hear the plosh in the dried herbage of the grasshoppers.
b. The like noise produced when water or other liquid is dashed against or falls upon a body, or when masses of water dash against each other; an act producing this noise.
1808Scott Marm. ii. xviii, The mildew drops fell one by one With tinkling plash upon the stone. 1814― Ld. of Isles iii. xxviii, The short dark waves, heaved to the land, With ceaseless plash kissed cliff or sand. 1837Disraeli Venetia i. xii, The plash of the troubled and swollen lake. 1851Helps Comp. Solit. ix. (1874) 155 The only noise was a plash of the water against a jetty.
c. A heavy fall of rain. Sc. and north. dial. [Cf. Du. plasregen, Ger. platzregen, Da. plaskregn (pladsregn).]
1820Blackw. Mag. May 158/1 The thunder-rain, in large drops, came plash after plash on the blanket roof. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 162 Penthouses..to keep the plash of heavy rain from the house windows. 1894Weather Saw in Heslop Northumb. Gloss., If the oak before the ash, Then we're sure to have a plash.
d. A splash of colour, or fig. of light, thrown upon a surface.
1848Lowell Fable for Critics (ed. 2) Introd., The tall grove of hemlocks, with moss on their stems, like plashes of sunlight.
†e. transf. (?) A liquid perfume for the face.
1649Lovelace Poems 146 No Cabinets with curious Washes, Bladders and perfumed Plashes.
f. attrib. † plash-breach, the breaking of waves against the shore.
1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 83 Theese shoars were sundred by the plash breache, fame so doth vtter... Swift the sea with plasshing rusht in.
B. adverbially or int. With a plash: cf. crash.
1842J. Wilson Chr. North I. 31 Plash, plash, through the marsh, and then on the dry furze beyond..away fly hare and hounds towards the mountain. 1866–7Livingstone Last Jrnls. (1873) I. vii. 172 We go plash, plash, plash, in the lawn-like glade. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 354/2 Plash, plash, the great drops pelted down furious and fast.
▪ III. † plash, n.3 Obs. or dial.
[f. plash v.1]
A plashed bough or bush; a plashed thicket.
1638R. Brathwait Spir. Spicerie, etc. 427 The fresh fragrant flowers of Divine Poesie..could not like to be removed nor transported to those thorny places and plashes of the Law. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 11 Avoid the laying of them too high, which draws all the Sap into the Plashes. 1827Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 522/1 There will be one plash for every interval between the stems of the plants. You must..lay the plashes with their points all one way.
▪ IV. plash, v.1|plæʃ|
Forms: 5–6 plashe, 6 plasche, plasshe, 6, 8 plach, 7 plaish, 6– plash, (9 dial. plesh, plush). See also pleach.
[a. OF. plaiss(i)er, plai(s)cier, plassier, pless(i)er (3 sing. pres. plaisse, plaisce):—late L. type *plectiāre, f. *plectia twined or plaited hedge (whence OF. plaisse, plesse hedge), f. L. plectĕre to plait, interweave, twine. (Med.L. plessa (1215 = virgulta implexa, Du Cange) and plessare were f. OF. plesse, plesser.) Cf. the cognate pleach, found somewhat earlier.]
1. trans. To bend down and interweave (stems half cut through, branches, and twigs) so as to form them into a hedge or fence; = pleach v. 1.
1495[see plashing vbl. n.1]. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §127 At euery two fote, or .iii. fote, to leaue one set growyng not plasshed; and the toppe to be cut of foure fote hygh..to stande as a stake..and to wynd the other that be pleched about them. 1523― Surv. xxv. 43 Take a great boughe of a tree, and plasshe the bowes abrode. 1563Golding Cæsar (1565) 54 b, Cutting yong trees half a sunder and bowyng downe theyr toppes to the grounde, and plasshyng the boughes that growe thicke oute of the sydes wyth bushes and thornes betwene them, they brought to passe that their hedges were as good a defence to them as a wal. 1595Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 15 Some of our men..came to the trees which they [the Spaniards] had plasshed to make theyr palizadoe. 1629Parkinson Paradisus iii. 7 Some againe plant Cornell Trees, and plash them..to forme them into an hedge. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 59 Arbors made of the Trees plashed one over the other. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 571 The hedger plashes down the stems he left standing.
†b. To bend down, break down (trees, bushes, or plants) for other purposes. Obs.
1625Lisle Du Bartas, Noe Past. Ded. 5 Plash thistles and presumptuous thorns That neare the way grow up among the corns. 1630S. Lennard tr. Charron's Wisd. ii. vii. (1670) 279 Too much plenty plasheth down the corn! 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. (1847) 233 Christiana's Boys..being pleas'd with the Trees, and with the Fruit that did hang thereon, did Plash them, and began to eat. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Hart, Let him plash down small Twigs, some above and some below.
†c. To interlace (a fruit-tree in trellis-work); to support or train against a trellis or a wall. Obs.
[c1420: see pleach v. 1.] c1600Distracted Emp. iii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 210 Our pore retyred famylie must..not be plashd Or propt agaynst the walls of pallaces. 1613Markham Eng. Husbandman i. ii. xx. (1635) 226 As you use to plash a Vine against a wall. 1648Hunting of Fox 6 It cannot stand unles it be propped up, or plashed against a Wall. 1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 39 It is usual with some to plash them to poles, to make a pallisade-hedge.
†d. To intertwine, interweave, like plants in a thicket. Obs.
1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxiii. (1663) 84 Stuck every where with most fragrant Roses and Violets all plashed so close together that we could not see the Rowers. 1657Austen Fruit Trees i. 66 Trees..kept (by cutting and plaishing one branch within another) from growing very large. 1735Somerville Chase iv. 63 Thread the Brake With Thorns sharp-pointed, plash'd, and Bri'rs inwoven.
2. a. To make, dress, or renew (a hedge) by cutting the stems partly through, bending them down, and interlacing stems, branches, and twigs, so as to form a close low fence, which will in time grow in height; to lay (a hedge); = pleach v. 2.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §127 To plasshe or pleche a hedge. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 50 The common hedge made of dead wood, well staked and thicke plashed, or railde. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 20 If any of your Hedges were left vnplasht in the Spring, plash them now, for it is an excellent Season. 1787W. Marshall Norfolk I. 101 The practice of plashing, or laying hedges, is in a great degree, unknown in this district. 1891T. Hardy Tess 9/1 The lanes are white, the hedges low and plashed.
†b. To treat (a wood, or place full of trees or underwood) in the same way, in order to obstruct a pass or entrance, or defend a fastness; to form hurdles, weirs, etc. by such interweaving.
1586J. Hooker Hist. Irel. in Holinshed II. 7/2 They..did fell downe trees, plashed the wood, cast great trenches and ditches round about, and made it so strict, narrow, crooked, and strong, that there was no passage nor entrie for the enimie. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. ii. xiv. (1810) 376 In a strong Fastnesse of Bogg and Wood, which was on every quarter plashed. 1796W. Marshall W. England I. 81 To plash the sides (or outer brinks of the mounds), and shovel out the ditches. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
Hence plashed ppl. a.
1602Burford Reg. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) Varr. Collect. I. 164 Makinge of plaished hedge and other fensed hedge. 1615W. Lawson Orch. & Gard. (1623) 20 The plasht bough lying on the ground. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xii. (1626) 242 Plashed bowres at sundrie tables plac't. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 571 The plashed stem is cut over, of the length required for the particular gap. 1858R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma lxv, A well drained wheat stubble, with a newly plashed fence.
▪ V. plash, v.2|plæʃ|
[Known from c 1580; but the accompanying plash n.2 goes back to c 1500. Agreeing more or less in form with MLG., LG. plasken, plaschen, LG. platsken, MDu., Du., LG. plassen, early mod.Du. plasschen (‘int water plasschen, poteliner en l'eau’, Plantijn 1572), Ger. platschen, plätsche(r)n, plan(t)schen, Da. pla(d)ske, Sw. plaska to splash, dabble; all app. closely related to plash n.1 See also plash n.2, and splash v., which last appears to be a derivative from this.]
1. trans. To strike the surface of (water) so as to break it up; to plunge into (water or other liquid) or drive it against any body or against itself with commotion and noise; to splash.
1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 50 Two serpents monsterus ouglye Plasht the water sulcking to the shoare moste hastelye swinging. 1694tr. Milton's Lett. State Wks. 1851 VIII. 403 Unless they lay themselves down to be trampl'd under foot, plash'd like Mortar, or abjure their Religion. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede v, We must go and plash up the mud a little. 1861Mrs. Norton Lady La G. (1862) 61 The summer rain, That..plashed the azure of the river's flow.
b. To dash with breaking water or other liquid so as to wet; to splash. Also absol.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. x. lvii. (1612) 251 Where Massacres haue plashed, there is spread a triple breede. 1608T. Morton Preamble Encounter 1 My Aduersarie..hath plashed me, as it were, with these aspersions. 1706Phillips, To Plash, to dash with Water. 1791J. Learmont Poems 59 (E.D.D.) He..coaches owr the dubs to plash him. 1856G. Henderson Rhymes Berwick 74 The floor all plashed with blood. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 90 Had I but such a Naiad..To plash her large limbs in the waves for me!
c. To dash (a wall) with wet matter, so as rapidly to colour or cover it; to splash.
1864Webster, Plashing,..the dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of buildings, as an imitation of granite, and the like.
2. intr.
a. To strike and break the mass of water with commotion and noise; to dash, rush through, or tumble about in water with the like noise; to splash.
1650T. Bayly Herba Parietis 129 Every stroake that plashed upon those waters of life gave both life and music. 1718Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. iii. xix, Thro' thick and thin they scour'd about, Plashing thro' dubs and sykes. 1840Thackeray Catherine viii, The fish were jumping and plashing. 1857–8Sears Athan. vii. 58 He plashes in the brooks. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton xv, The two long oars plashed in the silence. 1898G. W. Steevens With Kitchener to Khartum 304 We plashed through the water.
b. Of water or other liquid: To dash against or upon any body; to tumble about in agitation, with the characteristic noise of breaking water.
1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 392 The salt water plashes and froaths to see it self so suddenly resisted. 1828Hawthorne Fanshawe viii, Plashing continually upon one spot, the fount has worn its own little channel of white sand. 1855Longfellow Hiaw. xvi. 245 Far below him plashed the waters.
fig.1841H. Ainsworth Old St. Paul's vi. vii, Another fiery cascade..flooding the aisles and plashing against the massive columns.
3. Comb. plash-wheel = dash-wheel: see dash v.1 16.
1882Ogilvie (Annandale). |