| 释义 |
planetary, a. and n.|ˈplænɪtərɪ|
[ad. late L. planētārius, prop. adj. ‘belonging to a planet or planets’, but only recorded as n., an astrologer (Augustine). So F. planétaire. (The normal L. adj. would be planētāris: cf. stellāris.)]
A. adj.
1. a. Belonging to, or connected with, a planet or planets; of the nature of, or resembling a planet; having some attribute of a planet.
planetary electron, an electron bound to an atom and ‘in orbit’ round its nucleus; planetary ellipsoid: see quot. 1881; planetary engineering (see quots. 1951, 1964); planetary nebula: see quot. 1854; planetary precession: see precession 3 a; planetary system, the system comprising the sun and planets, the solar system; also fig. a system of correlated parts; planetary year: see year1.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. ii. (1611) 85 Of Starres some are fixed, and some are planetary or wandering. a1652J. Smith Sel. Disc. v. 141 As the sun in the firmament is said to walk from one planetary house to another. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 11 To stretch our Victories beyond Th' Extent of planetary Ground. 1715tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 425 The Inclination of any Planetary Orbit to the Plane of the Ecliptic. 1785Phil. Trans. R. Soc. LXXV. 266 A very bright, planetary nebula, about half a minute in diameter, but the edges are not very well defined. 1802[see nebula 3]. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 299 note, Lilly..was universally reputed for his supposed planetary knowledge. 1816Playfair Nat. Phil. II. 289 They proved, that the planetary system is stable. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) I. 169 The determination of the Planetary Orbits. 1854Brewster More Worlds xi. 173 Planetary nebulae, or such as resemble planets from their discs being round or slightly oval. 1869tr. Pouchet's Universe (1871) 511 All the stars are, according to Kepler, only suns like ours, each of which has its planetary system. 1881Maxwell Electr. & Magn. I. 221 Ellipsoids of this kind, which are figures of revolution about their conjugate axes, are called planetary ellipsoids. 1921Phil. Mag. XLII. 305 Consider the nucleus alone, and not the surrounding system of planetary electrons. 1927N. V. Sidgwick Electronic Theory of Valency i. 10 The other planetary electrons would be distributed between these limits. 1951A. C. Clarke Exploration of Space 118 The greatest technical achievements of the next few centuries may well be in the field of what could be called ‘planetary engineering’— the reshaping of other worlds to suit human needs. 1956I. Asimov Inside Atom ii. 31 The number of planetary electrons in an ordinary atom is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. 1960Analog Science Fact/Fiction Oct. 34/1 We are coming off Mass-Time to go on planetary drive. 1964Listener 15 Oct. 575/1 It will be possible to modify the climates and atmospheres of at least some of the planets, so that we can live on them... This technique of the future has been called ‘planetary engineering’. 1971Nature 3 Dec. 246/2 Why should planetary scientists suggest that a spacecraft costing nearly $100 million should be destroyed by taking it so close to Jupiter?
b. esp. in Astrol. with reference to the supposed ‘influence’ of a planet.
1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 108 Be as a Plannetary plague, when Ioue Will o're some high-Vic'd City, hang his poyson In the sicke ayre. 1613Markham Eng. Husbandman ii. ii. iv. (1635) 53 By Thunder, Lightning, or other planetarie stroakes. 1687Dryden Hind & P. iii. 472 Casting schemes by planetary guess. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 92 The Captain..perceiving him, by I know not what private Planetary Marks, to be an Engine form'd..for his Use. 1843Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 102 The astrological scheme of the Aztecs was founded less on the planetary influences than on those of the arbitrary signs they had adopted for the months and days. 1861C. W. King Ant. Gems (1866) 459 Planetary rings, to which wonderful virtues were ascribed in the Middle Ages, were formed of the gems assigned to the several planets, each set in its appropriate metal.
c. planetary hour, the twelfth part of the natural day or night; called also unequal hours because they vary in length: see hour 1.
In Astrol. supposed each to be ruled by a planet, the first and eighth by that after which the day is named, the others by the other planets in succession, the order being from Saturn to the Moon.
1593T. Fale Dialling 43 Which may shew the place of the Sunne in every Signe, and likewise the planetary or vnequall houres. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §11, I was born in the Planetary hour of Saturn. 1674Moxon Tutor Astron. iv. iii. (ed. 3) 130 The first of these Planetary Hours takes its denomination from the Planetary Day; and the rest are named orderly from that Planet according to the succession of the Planetary Orbs. As if it be Munday, that is the Moons day..the Planet reigning the first Hour shall be {moonfq}, the Planet ruling the second Hour shall be {saturn}. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 444 This, gather'd in the Planetary Hour, With noxious Weeds, and spell'd with Words of Pow'r. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iii. viii. (1715) 74 By Astronomers term'd unequal and Planetary Hours.
d. Her. Relating to the use of the names of planets for tinctures.
1661Morgan Sph. Gentry iii. iv. 37 The planetary part of blazon doth well become persons that are above the vulgar.
e. Involving, being, or forming part of a sun-and-planet gear, usu. having (in addition to the sun and planet wheels) an internally geared annulus coaxial with the sun wheel and with which the planet wheels are meshed.
1904T. H. White Petrol Motors ii. 108 When the pinion A is revolved, and the internally toothed ring B is held from revolving, the planetary pinions C are caused to run around the ring B and carry the plate D with them. 1910[see band clutch s.v. band n.2 III]. 1934Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVIII. 738 This specification describes a planetary reduction gear for aero engines in which an internally toothed annulus is driven by the engine, the propeller is driven by the planetary ring, [etc.]. 1948[see epicyclic a.]. 1956A. Huxley Adonis & Alphabet 127 The simple planetary gears, by means of which conventional turntables can be used for slow-playing disks. 1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 583/3 Torque converter is standard. All drive wheels planetary drive powered. 1975Sci. Amer. Dec. 120/2 The upper end of the larger planetary gear engages a spur gear fixed to a turntable.
f. Engin. Characterized by the circular motion of a part about a point outside it.
planetary mill, a heavy rolling mill for reducing hot strip in a single pass, the strip being forced between two large rolls each of which has a number of smaller work rolls around its circumference, the former being rotated in the direction of feed so that the latter rotate against the strip; planetary mixer or planetary stirrer, one in which paddles are rotated about an axis which itself is moved in a circular path.
1917T. R. Shaw Precision Grinding Machines ii. 28 Grinding machines with planetary spindles, specially adapted to the requirements of locomotive building. 1949S. E. Rusinoff Manuf. Processes x. 405, (A) of Fig. 17 illustrates the principle by which holes are ground in a locomotive side rod on a planetary grinder. A gyratory motion is imparted to the grinding wheel spindle so that the wheel sweeps the bore of the workpiece. 1950Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 705 In a planetary stirrer, the paddle rotates and at the same time the axis about which it rotates follows a circular orbit. Ibid. 707 Small-scale laboratory and pilot-plant models of planetary mixers..are available. 1953Engineer 23 Oct. 526/2 The first commercial installation of a new design of hot strip rolling mill..has been installed at the works of Ductile Planetary Mills, Ltd., of Willenhall, Staffs. Ibid., The slabs have to be pressure fed into the rolls..by pinch or feed rolls, which are mounted in the same housing as the planetary assemblies. Ibid. 527/2 Immediately following the planetary mill is a two-high planishing mill. 1963F. H. Habicht Mod. Machine Tools xi. 166 Planetary grinding is usually limited to large or awkward work⁓pieces that cannot be conveniently rotated. 1967Irving & Saxton in Uhl & Gray Mixing II. viii. 214 Vertical⁓shaft mixers..include planetary mixers and Pony mixers, as well as heavier duty, twin-shaft machines. 1968R. N. Parkins Mech. Treatm. Metals iv. 213 The great advantage of the planetary mill is that it can reduce a hot slab directly to strip, thereby replacing the three or four roughing mills and the six-stand finishing mill. 1971C. R. Hine Machine Tools & Processes xiv. 330 The planetary miller is unique in that the work is held stationary while the revolving cutter or cutters move in a planetary path to finish a circular surface on the work, either internally or externally.
2. Belonging to this planet; terrestrial, mundane.
1831Blackw. Mag. XXIX. 769 The Latin language has a planetary importance; it belongs not to this land or that land, but to all lands. 1901F. W. H. Myers Human Personality §320 I. 96 That..response to our surroundings which forms not only the planetary but the cosmic history of all our race.
3. fig. Wandering like a planet; erratic.
1607J. King Serm. 5 Nov. 26 Other planetary, cursorie, moueable from place to place, as Gerard, Tesmond, Hammond, Hal, with the like. 1636Sampson Vow-Breaker i. i. B ij, Weomens minds are planetary, and amble as fast as Virginalls Iackes. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vii. §68, I am credibly informed he..disliked his own erratical and planetary life. 1710Norris Chr. Prud. iii. 116 Such wandring, unprincipled, Planetary men as these. 1900Daily News 22 Jan. 4/7 Readers..must have been struck with his planetary career over the face of the globe.
B. n.
†1. An astrologer, star-gazer. Obs.
1625T. Godwin Moses & Aaron (1641) 172 As if the Originall signified properly a Planetary, or Starre-gazer. 1652Gaule Magastrom. 142 Now is the planetary more malignant or malefick..than are all the planets themselves. a1716South Serm. (1744) XI. 103 Which sufficiently prove the greatest pretenders to it [astrology] to be indeed but mere planetaries; that is, as we may well interpret it from the force of the word, such as use to err and to be deceived.
2. A planetary body.
1819Metropolis I. 221 You are a fixed star in the firmament of attraction, around which we minor planetaries revolve with delight.
3. ellipt. for planetary nebula.
1903A. M. Clerke Probl. in Astrophysics ii. i. 175 Spectroscopically, they [sc. Novae] simulate minute ‘planetaries’. 1974Nature 31 May 430/1 The precise details of the evolutionary history of the planetaries are uncertain.
4. ellipt. for planetary gearor wheel (= planet-gear, -wheel).
1941Electronic Engin. XIV. 166/1 The planetary of the differential is connected to a gear-reduction train. 1962D. W. Dudley Gear Handbk. iii. 21 Bevel planetaries can be made to handle a range of ratios. |