| 释义 |
pistachio|pɪˈsteɪʃ(ɪ)əʊ, -ˈstɑːʃ(ɪ)əʊ, -ˈstætʃəʊ|
Forms: α. 5–7 pistace, 6 pystace, 7–8 pistach, 7– pistache. β. 6 pistaccio, 7 -acio, 7– pistachio, (9 -acchio); also (6 pistinachie), 7 pistachie, -acie, 8 -achee, 7– pistachia. γ. 7–8 pistacho.
[c gray][The α forms a. OF. pistace (13th c.) and F. pistache (pistaʃ[/c]); the β forms ad. It. pistacchio |pisˈtakkjo|, some affected by L. pistacia, or by Spanish; the γ form a. Sp. pistacho |pisˈtatʃo|; all from L. pistācium (med.L. pistāquium), a. Gr. πιστάκιον pistachio nut, f. πιστάκη pistacia-tree, from OPers.: cf. Pers. pistah. See also pistacia, pistack, pistick nut, fistic.
Cf.1392–3Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 219 Item pro ij lb. de pistaqiis, lvj s.]
1. a. The ‘nut’ or dry drupe of Pistacia vera (see b), or its edible kernel, of a greenish colour, eaten in Turkey, Greece, etc. (Also pistachio nut: see 3.)
α1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 9 b, Thynges good for the Lunges: Elycampane: Hysope:..Pystaces. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 585 Filberds, pine nuts, pistaces, almonds. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Pistache-Tree, The best Pistaches are brought from Arabia and Syria.
β1598W. Phillip Linschoten i. lii. 94/2 A white kernell very pleasant to eate, like Pistaccios. 1650Fuller Pisgah i. iv. 11 Nuts (at this day called pistachioes, and most cordiall in physick). 1668Wilkins Real Char. ii. iv. §7. 116 Pistacie, Fistic-nut. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 247 Philberts, Haslenuts, Pistachias. 1751J. Hill Hist. Mat. Med. 495 The Pistachia is..of an oblong Figure, pointed at both Ends,..about half an Inch in Length..the Kernel..of a green Colour, of a soft and unctuous Substance..much like the Pulp of an Almond. 1865Pall Mall G. 20 Oct. 10 Melons are marvellously cheap and good in Marseilles, so are pistachios.
γ1626Bacon Sylva §50 Pistachoes..joyned with Almonds in Almond Milk,..are an excellent Nourisher. 1694Motteux Rabelais iv. lx. (1737) 247 Pistachoes, or Fistick-Nuts. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 263 Almonds, Pistachos, and other Nuts.
b. The tree Pistacia vera (family Anacardiaceæ), a native of Western Asia, much cultivated in the south of Europe. (Also pistachio tree: see 3.)
αc1420Pallad. on Husb. xi. 184 Pistace is in this moone Of plauntes sette. 190519th Cent. Aug. 269 The olive, pistache, jujube and plane from Syria.
β1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 227 [Plants] to be first set into the Conservatory..Dactyls, Pistacio's, the great Indian Fig. 1751J. Hill Hist. Plants 621 The pinnated-leaved Pistachia.
2. A green colour resembling that of the kernel of the pistachio nut. (Also pistachio green: see 3.) Also attrib. or as adj.: Of this colour.
1791A. M. Portman in A. C. Bower's Diaries & Corr. (1903) 141 The fashionable Colors are Coquelicot and Pistache. 1888Daily News 7 June 5/8 A dress of plain pistachio satin.
3. attrib. and Comb., as pistachio candy, pistachio cream, pistachio green (n. and adj.), pistachio nut, pistachio plantation, pistachio tree; pistachio ice, ice-cream, ice(-cream) containing pistachio nuts; also, ice-cream coloured pistachio green.
1598Epulario K iv b, Pistinachie [? error] Nuts. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 129 Pistach or Fisticke Nuts are of an aromaticall sauour. 1626H. Mason Epicure's Fast ii. 13 Drie Figgs, Pepper,..Pistace nuts. 1658Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 164 Madam, here are pistachie nutts. 1698Phil. Trans. XX. 466 A sort of Pistachio-Tree. 1736Bailey Househ. Dict. 473 A Pistachio Cream. Take a pound of pistachio nuts, break the shells and blanch the kernels. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 28 Pistachio green, meadow green with a mixture of brown. 1825Greenhouse Comp. II. 81 Atlantic Pistachia⁓tree, a small tree from Barbary in 1790. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 121 Galen doubted whether pistachio nuts were good for the stomach. 1853Mrs. Gaskell Ruth III. iv. 140 The days when you first brought me pistachio candy from London. 1868A. Gouffé tr. J. Gouffé's Royal Cookery Bk. xvii. 561 Apricot and Pistachio Ice. 1882O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. 331 The vineyards and pistache plantations. 1885C. E. Pascoe London Today iii. 48 The more aristocratic foreign visitors to London..flocked thither [sc. to Verrey's restaurant] to eat pistachio ices. 1889R. Wells Pastrycook & Confect. Guide vii. 65 Pistachio ice, blanch and beat until fine the kernels of 6 ozs. of Pistachio nuts [etc.]. 1899Westm. Gaz. 20 April 7/3 A lovely gown of pale pistachio green satin. 1916Frandsen & Markham Manuf. Ice Creams x. 103 Pistachio Ice Cream. 1942A. L. Simon Conc. Encycl. Gastron. V. 57/1 Pistachio ice-creams..are ice-creams..flavoured with almonds and vanilla and coloured with vegetable dyes as near the pistachio green as possible. 1943E. M. Almedingen Frossia vi. 228 Do you like pistachio ices—with small almond biscuits? 1972E. Hargreaves Fair Green Weed i. 13 It's a big rambling place like a block of pistachio ice-cream. |