| 释义 |
restoration|rɛstəˈreɪʃən|
[Later form of restauration, after restore v.]
1. The action of restoring to a former state or position; the fact of being restored or reinstated. Also const. to.
a. Of persons.
1660Jrnls. Ho. Comm. 30 May, The happy Restoration of his Majesty to his People and Kingdoms. 167812th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 52 The joy I ought to shew for my owne restoration to His Majestys favour. 1724Waterland Athan. Creed x. §39 The Opinion..that wicked Men, and even Devils, after a certain Revolution, should have their Release and Restoration. 1843Lytton Last Bar. iv. i, While seeking your restoration, I have never neglected the facilities for flight. 1878Stubbs Const. Hist. xviii. III. 214 The nation without regret and without enthusiasm recognised the Lancastrian restoration. 1892Westcott Gospel Life 243 In the Apocalypse the restoration of man and the restoration of nature are placed side by side.
b. Of territory, conditions, or things.
1663Boyle Exp. Hist. Colours iii, Though this may be said to be rather a restoration of a body to its own colour [etc.]. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 140 Europe dates a new æra from his restoration of the Western empire. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. (1857) I. 135 This motion in latitude would be sufficiently known if we knew the period of its restoration. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 99 That period which has been distinguished as the restoration of letters. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 110 We owe to the monks the agricultural restoration of a great part of Europe.
c. Theol. (Cf. restitution 5.)
1781Winchester Seed of Woman 19, I shall set down such Passages as the Friends of the Universal Restoration generally bring to prove the same. 1833J. Martineau Ess. & Addr. (1890) I. 13 Beginning with the question respecting the person of Christ, and ending with the Universal Restoration. 1834Dean in B. B. Edwards' Encycl. Relig. Knowl. (1851) 1018 The restoration was introduced into America about the middle of the eighteenth century.
2. Hist. (With capital initial.)
a. The re-establishment of monarchy in England with the return of Charles II in 1660; also, the period marked by this event.
1718Apol. Ch. Eng. 21 The Office..for the Twenty Ninth of May thankfully commemorates the Blessings of the Restoration. 1725B. Higgons Rem. Burnet i. Wks. 1736 II. 67 The Restoration, a Blessing that sticks in his Gizzard. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton, For many years after the Restoration, [the Puritans] were the theme of unmeasured invective and derision. 1869Rogers Hist. Glean. I. 10 The expedient by which the landowners of the Restoration freed themselves from their ancient contributions to the public revenue. 1886Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 682 The Laudian school of divines, who at the Restoration remodelled the prayer book.
b. The reinstatement of the Bourbons in the sovereignty of France in 1814.
1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. I. 49 The first ministry of the Restoration overthrown by the mere approach of the chamber.
3. a. The action of restoring a person to health or consciousness; recovery of physical strength.
1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 127 During these short sentences and difficult restorations. 1826S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 85 Instances of restoration from a state in which suspension of sensation..had been induced by cold. 1870Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. I. iii. 70 Toward the close of the voyage the eldest, whose restoration had been the principal object, died of fever.
b. A restorative. rare—1.
1823J. Simpson Ricardo the Outlaw I. 290 Every restoration was administered that the affection of Ellen could suggest.
4. a. The action or process of restoring something to an unimpaired or perfect condition.
1801Med. Jrnl. V. 467 The restoration of feeling [is kept up],..and, finally, the natural power of action is completely..restored. 1835Field Chromatography 216 The restoration of disfigured and decayed works of art is..next in importance to their production. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xii, She saw in this..the restoration of the old man's health and peace, and a life of tranquil happiness. 1874Spedding Lett. & Life Bacon VII. Pref. 4 For the passages which defy restoration, blank spaces would be left with some indication of their apparent extent.
b. Arch. The process of carrying out alterations and repairs with the idea of restoring a building to something like its original form; a general renovation.
1824Byron Juan xvi. lviii, A plan whereby to erect New buildings..And throw down old, which he call'd restoration. 1849Parker Gothic Archit. (1874) ii. 291 Unfortunately restoration generally destroys the historical value of a building. 1852Ruskin Arrows of Chace (1880) I. 67 Under the name of ‘restoration’ the ruin of the noblest architecture and painting is constant throughout Europe. 1879Stainer Music of Bible 82 When the muniment-room was being removed for the purposes of restoration.
c. A representation of the original form of a ruined building, extinct animal, etc.
1836Buckland Geol. & Min. II. 29 Conjectural Restoration of the Skeleton of Plesiosaurus. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 420/1 Restorations, in Architecture, a term applied to drawings intended to show antient buildings according to their original design... In some cases the building itself will afford sufficient data for a complete restoration of it upon paper. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xvii. 282, Fig. 81 represents a restoration of this extinct elephant.
d. Dentistry. Any structure provided to replace dental or oral tissue that has been removed or lost, such as a filling, crown, or bridge.
1934F. W. Frahm Princ. & Technics Full Denture Constr. xxvi. 475 The change from the natural to the artificial teeth is made so easily that the patient becomes accustomed to the supplied restoration in a few hours. 1962Blake & Trott Periodontology xvi. 170 Before the construction of such prosthetic or conservative restorations is begun the occlusion should be studied. 1976Torres & Ehrlich Mod. Dental Assisting xxvi. 802 To seat a restoration the casting is inserted into the tooth or onto the tooth crown.
5. The action of restoring something to one who has been previously deprived of it.
1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 134 He recovered his speech and sight; and this natural event was improved to the miraculous restoration of his eyes and tongue. 1837Dickens Pickw. ii, The restoration was soon made. 1877Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. iii. 29 He demanded the restoration of estates that his predecessors had alienated.
6. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 2 a) Restoration comedy, restoration drama, restoration dramatist, restoration pamphleteer, restoration wing; (sense 4 b) restoration fund.
1898G. Saintsbury Short Hist. Eng. Lit. viii. ii. 487 The cloven foot of Restoration comedy—the passionless and malevolent licentiousness of too much thereof. 1910Encycl. Brit. IX. 630/2 Restoration comedy at first followed Jonson. 1925B. Dobrée Congreve's Comedies I. p. xii, The Restoration comedy writers..keep us dancing along to a gay tune. 1955N. Marsh Scales of Justice iii. 53 ‘Kettle,’ Lady Lacklander said... Nurse Kettle did not resent being addressed in this restoration-comedy fashion by Lady Lacklander. 1976Amer. N. & Q. XV. 35/1 In Restoration comedy, reference is often made to the ‘canonical hours’.
1898G. Saintsbury Short Hist. Eng. Lit. viii. ii. 491 The glory.. of this Restoration drama was not reached till long after the Restoration itself. 1923A. Nicoll Hist. Restoration Drama 1660–1700 i. 3 The study of Restoration drama demands a continual care. 1935D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night iv. 82 Calling people names that poor Miss Lydgate didn't know existed—the worst she knows being Restoration drama. 1977J. Aiken Last Movement vii. 130 I'd cast him as Rochester..or one of those fiends in Restoration Drama.
1912E. Gosse in Restoration Plays p. x, What all the Restoration dramatists suffer from is a tendency to produce common and inadequate poetry. 1923A. Nicoll Hist. Restoration Drama 1660–1700 iii. 184 Manners, in the mouths of the Restoration dramatists themselves, meant something quite apart from the modern meaning of the term. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 113/1 William Congreve, more than any other Restoration dramatist, shaped the English comedy of manners.
1898G. B. Shaw Mrs. Warren's Profession iii. 204 Gov'nor's ever so fond of it, because he got up a restoration fund and had it completely rebuilt. 1978Lancashire Life Nov. 140/1 A restoration fund has been launched to restore the decaying 15th century tower of Mitton Church, near Whalley.
1875Grosart in Marvell's Wks. II. p. xxiv, Anything more dishonest..is scarcely to be matched outside of the vilest Restoration pamphleteer and partizan. 1920‘O. Douglas’ Penny Plain xxv. 300 The austere Tudor front, the Restoration wing, the offices built under Queen Anne. 1936J. Buchan Island of Sheep viii. 141 Nothing more modern than the Restoration wing built by Bruce of Kinross.
Hence restoˈrationer, = restorationist.
1855Ogilvie Suppl. |