| 释义 |
▪ I. pine, n.1 Obs. or arch.|paɪn|
Forms: 2– pine; also 3–5 pyn, 3–6 pyne, 4 pin.
[Early ME. pīne:—OE. *pîn, a. L. pœna punishment, pain (see Pogatscher §130–134). Cf. OS. pîna, (MD. pîne, Du. pijne, pijn), OHG. pîna (MHG. pîne, pîn, Ger. pein), ON. pína (Sw. pina, Da. pine); also OIr. pian (Ir. Gael. pian): all from Latin. App. introduced into Teut. and Celtic with Christianity, and in Eng. applied first to the pains of hell. It is notable that the n. has not yet been found in OE., where the derived vb. pínian was common from an early period.]
†1. Punishment; suffering inflicted as punishment, torment, torture; spec. the penal sufferings of hell or of purgatory; = pain n.1 1, 2 b. Obs.
c1160Hatton Gosp. Matt. xxv. 46 And þanne fareð hyo on ece pine [Ags. Gosp. susle, Lindisf. tintergo]. c1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Heo bið wuniende inne þisse pine. c1200Vices & Virtues 7 Ðe pine of helle. c1300Cursor M. 497 Þar pin [v. rr. pyne, pine] þai bere opon þam ai. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 29 To take twey staues, And fette hom Felice from wyuene pyne [i.e. the cucking-stool]. c1375Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 472 Alle in purgatory pyne. c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 422 Of Proserpyne That quene ys of the derke pyne. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vi. xii. 132 Ðire Tyrandis tuk þis haly man, And held him lang in-til herd pyne. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vii. 54 To stire vp..ill men to flie vice throuch the pines that thay see Ill men pinet with. 1600Fairfax Tasso xvi. lvii. 4 The victor..pardons her, that merits death and pine.
†2. Suffering, affliction, distress, trouble.
a. Physical suffering; = pain n.1 3. (In ME. often applied to the passion of Christ.) Obs.
1154O.E. Chron. an. 1137, I ne can..tellen..alle þe pines ðæt hi diden wrecce men on þis land. a1225St. Marher. 1 Efter ure lauerdes pine ant his passiun ant his deð on rode. c1275Orison of our Lord 20 in O.E. Misc. 139 Cryst..þat for vs þoledest so swiþe muchel pyn. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 723 Þe pyne, he suffred for þy gode. 1480Robt. Devyll 820 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 251 God wotte hys belly [had] greate pyne. c1600Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 1350 Be mediciner to the man, And schaw sic cunning as ȝe can, To put him out of pyne.
b. Mental suffering; grief, sorrow, trouble or distress of mind; anguish; = pain n.1 4. (In quot. a 1600, Grievous or intense longing for something: cf. pine v. 6.) Obs. or arch.
c1205Lay. 2515 Ofte heo hæfde seorwe & pine. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 330 My precios perle dotz me gret pyne. 1461Paston Lett. II. 13 And it lyke you to take the worchip uppon you..to the pyne and dyscomfort of all your ille wyllers. 1568T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 57 My pleasure, pine, and pain. a1600Montgomerie Misc. P. xxxvii. 6 Sen nane bot I hes for thy persone pyne. 1600Fairfax Tasso xix. civ, That high crie..Pierst through her hart with sorrow, griefe, and pine. 1721Ramsay Richy & Sandy 30 [He] sung on aeten reed the lover's pine. 1868Isa Craig-Knox Ballad of Brides of Quair ix, More than one hath lived in pine, And more than one hath died of care.
†3. Trouble taken or undergone in accomplishing anything; labour, toil, exertion, effort, pains; difficulty: = pain n.1 5, 6. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 1136 Wit pine it sal þe ȝeild þi fode. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1994 Þey ascaped wiþ mykel pyn. a1400–50Alexander 1206 Þus ȝede þai furthe..And slike a prai þam apreued as pyne were to reken. 1533Bellenden Livy iv. xi. (S.T.S.) II. 84, I will tak pyne..to do sic thingis for defence of public liberte. 1674Ray N.C. Words 37 It's Pine to tell; it is difficult to tell.
†4. Suffering caused by hunger or want of food; the condition of pining for food; famine; want; starvation. (Cf. pine v. 4, 5.) Also fig. Obs.
1567Drant Horace, Epist. xviii. F iv, Greedie thirst and knawinge pyne of siluer, and of goulde. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. v. 22 Forst, through penurie and pyne,..For nought was given them to sup or dyne. 1725Pope Odyss. xv. 367 On all their weary ways wait care and pain, And pine and penury.
b. A disease of sheep: = pining vbl. n. 2 b.
1804in Trans. Highl. Soc. Scot. (1807) III. 405 In the pine,..the condition of the animal is too high, its blood too thick, and its pasture too arid.
5. Complaint, repining. rare—1.
1804Something Odd III. 179 To give way to unavailing pines.
6. Comb., as † pine-stall (pynstal), place of punishment. See also pinebank.
c1420Lay Folks Mass Bk., York Hours 43 Þai..gerte hym bere on his bak þe cros to þe pynstal.
▪ II. pine, n.2|paɪn|
Forms: 1 pīn, 4– pine; also 4 pigne, 4–5 pyne, 5 (7 Sc.) pyn.
[OE. pín, ad. L. pīnus a pine-tree, in ME. a. F. pin:—L. pīn-us. Gower's form pigne, is not easy to explain: F. pigne = It. pigna, L. pīnea is cited only of 1528 in Godef.]
1. a. A tree of the genus Pinus, or of various allied coniferous genera; comprising trees, mostly of large size, with evergreen needle-shaped leaves, of which many species afford valuable timber, tar, and turpentine, and some have edible seeds.
c1000ælfric Hom. (Th.) II. 508 Se halᵹa..wolde aheawan ænne heahne pin-beam. a1300Cursor M. 1377 Þai sal be cedre, ciprese, and pine. Ibid. 1384 Þe pine [v.r. pyne]. c1350Leg. Rood (1871) 70 Þe secund [wand] sal be of cypres, And þe thrid of pine sal be. 1390Gower Conf. II. 161 Enclosed with the tres of Pigne [rime Nonarcigne]. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 357 b/1 Ther was a tree of a pyn which was dedyed to the deuylle. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 42 He [the sun] fires the prowd tops of the Easterne Pines. 1667Milton P.L. i. 292 His Spear, to equal which the tallest Pine, Hewn on Norwegian hills,..were but a wand. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho iv, Mountains covered..nearly to their summits with forests of gloomy pine. 1860Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. ix. §4 Let the pine find only a ledge of vertical precipice to cling to, it will nevertheless grow straight.
b. The wood of these trees: = pine-wood 1.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 118 (Add. MS.) Ȝif þe hed be smyten with a lyȝt dreyȝe staff, as of salwe oþere ellys pyne [Ashm. MS. pinee]. 1847Emerson Poems, House, Rafters of immortal pine. 1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 79 The stalls are oaken, the sittings generally being of pine.
2. a. With qualifying words, applied to various species of Pinus or other coniferous genera (or to their wood): as
Aleppo pine, Pinus Halepensis; Amboyna pine = dammar-pine; Austrian pine, Pinus austriaca; Baltic pine, a variety of the timber of Pinus sylvestris; Bhotan pine, Pinus excelsa (Treas. Bot. 1866); bishop's pine, P. muricata; black pine, Pinus austriaca; also P. Murrayana and P. Jeffreyi of N. America, and species of Podocarpus of New Zealand and Frenela of Australia; Brazilian pine, Araucaria brasiliensis; broom-pine = long-leaved pine; bull-pine, Pinus Jeffreyi, P. Sabiniana, P. mitis, and P. ponderosa, all of N. America; candlewood pine, the Mexican pitch-pine or torch-pine, Pinus Zeocote; cedar-pine, Pinus glabra, of Southern U.S.; celery pine (also celery-leaved p., celery-top(ped) p.), the genus Phyllocladus, of Australia, New Zealand, etc. (Miller Plant-names); cembra pine, the Italian Stone-pine; Chilean pine, Araucaria imbricata; cluster-pine (see cluster n. 4); Corsican pine = larch-pine; cypress pine, species of Frenela (Morris Austral Eng.); dammar-pine, Dammara orientalis of the Moluccas, which yields the resin called dammar (Henfrey Elem. Bot. (1857) §600); digger-pine (see digger 6); dwarf pine, Pinus Mughus of S. Europe, and P. Pumilio of Austria, etc.; dye-pine = king-pine; foxtail-pine, Pinus Balfouriana and P. serotina; frankincense-pine (see frankincense 3); giant pine = sugar-pine; ginger-pine, the Port Orford White Cedar, a species of cypress, Chamæcyparis Lawsoniana; golden pine, Pinus Kæmpferi (Miller Plant-names 1884); grey pine, Pinus Banksiana, of the northern parts of N. America; hard pine = long-leaved pine; heavy pine (see heavy a. 30); hickory pine (see hickory 4 b); highland pine, a variety of the Scotch pine with horizontal branches; Himalayan pine (see Himalayan 1); hoop-pine (see hoop n.1 13 b); Hudson's Bay pine = grey pine; Huon pine (see Huon pine); Jersey pine, Pinus inops, a small species of the eastern U.S.; kauri pine (see kauri b); king-pine (see king n. 13 c); knee-pine (see knee n. 13); Labrador pine = grey pine; lace-bark pine, Pinus Bungeana of China, which sheds its outer bark every year (Nicholson Dict. Gard. 1887); larch pine, Pinus Laricio of S. Europe; loblolly pine (see loblolly 4); lodge-pole pine (U.S.) = ridge-pole pine; long-leaved pine, Pinus australis (P. palustris), the pitch-pine of the Southern U.S.; mahogany pine, Podocarpus Totara of New Zealand; maritime pine = sea-pine; meadow-pine, P. cubensis of the southern U.S.; mountain pine, (a) Pinus monticola of the western U.S.; (b) = dwarf pine; Norfolk Island pine, Araucaria excelsa; Norway pine, (a) the spruce fir, Abies (Picea) excelsa; (b) (in U.S.) the N. American red pine, Pinus resinosa; (c) a variety of the timber of Pinus sylvestris; nut-pine (see nut); old-field pine (see old field b); Oyster Bay pine, Callitris (Frenela) australis, of Australia (Henfrey Elem. Bot. 1857); parasol-pine (see parasol n. 3); pitch pine (see pitch pine); pond pine, Pinus serotina; prince's pine (see prince); red pine, (a) P. resinosa of N. America; (b) (of Australia) Frenela Endlicheri; (c) (of New Zealand) Dacrydium cupressinum; also the timber = Riga pine; (see red a. and n.1 17 d); ridge-pole pine (U.S.), Pinus Murrayana; Riga pine, a variety of the timber of Pinus sylvestris; rosemary-pine = frankincense-pine; sap-pine, Pinus rigida; Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, commonly called Scotch fir; scrub pine, (in U.S.) (a) = grey pine; (b) = Jersey pine; (c) (of Australia) = red pine b; sea-pine, seaside pine, Pinus Pinaster or P. maritima; short-leaved pine, Pinus mitis of N. America; silver pine, (a) = heavy pine; (b) Pinus Picea; (c) the silver fir, Abies (Picea) pectinata; (d) (in New Zealand) Dacrydium colensoi (Morris Austral Eng.); spruce-pine (see Spruce n.); star-pine = cluster-pine; stone-pine (see stone-pine); sugar-pine, Pinus Lambertiana of California, which yields a sweet resin used for sugar; swamp-pine, (a) = frankincense-pine; (b) = long-leaved pine; torch-pine = candlewood-pine; umbrella-pine = parasol-fir; Virginian pine = long-leaved pine; water-pine, Glyptostrobus heterophyllus (Taxodium heterophyllum) of China; wax-pine, the genus Dammara; Weymouth pine, the common American white pine, Pinus Strobus, largely planted by Lord Weymouth when introduced into England; wild pine = Scotch pine (see also 5 b); yellow pine, various species with yellow or yellowish wood, as the long-leaved pine, the short-leaved pine, the heavy pine, etc.
1866Treas. Bot. 382 D[ammara] orientalis, the *Amboyna Pine, is a tree of the Moluccas, 100 feet high.
Ibid. 891 *Baltic, Riga, Norway, Red, or Memel Pine is the timber of Pinus sylvestris as grown in the north of Europe.
1843Marryat M. Violet xliv, The pine, both *black and white. 1866Treas. Bot. 890 Black Pine, Pinus austriaca.—, of New Zealand, Podocarpus ferrugineus.
1827in Bischoff Van Diemen's Land (1832) 180 The Green Forest..comprises myrtle, sassafras, *celery-top pine. 1866Treas. Bot. 881 P[hyllocladus] rhomboidalis, the Celery-topped Pine, is in cultivation as an ornamental tree.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. (1794) 444 The *Cembra Pine has five leaves in a sheath.
1857Henfrey Elem. Bot. §600 Araucaria includes the enormous *Chilian Pine, A. imbricata.
Ibid., P[inus] Pinaster, the *Cluster-pine.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. (1794) 444 *Frankincense Pine has three leaves coming out of the same sheath.
1890Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 3 Nov. (Advt.), A valuable tract of *hard-pine timber-land. 1848*Jersey Pine [see scrub pine].
1847Ansted Anc. World v. 89 Resembling the Altingia, or *Norfolk Island pine.
a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng. etc. (1821) II. 158 Here, for the first time, we saw the *Norway pine. 1866[see Baltic Pine].
1861L. A. Meredith Over the Straits i. 16 Groups of our beautiful *Oyster Bay Pine.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. (1794) 443 The most known [pine] among us is the *Scotch Pine, or, as it is vulgarly called, Scotch Fir: this has two leaves in a sheath.
1848Gray Bot. U.S. 439 Jersey or *Scrub Pine..Barrens and sterile hills, New Jersey and southward. 1866Treas. Bot. 891 Scrub Pine, Pinus Banksiana. 1884Miller Plant-n., Pinus Banksiana, Gray, or Northern, Scrub-Pine-tree...—inops, New Jersey Scrub Pine.
1865Daily Tel. 26 Oct. 4/4 He drained the soil,..and planted bent and the *sea-pine over sixteen hundred acres of windy sand. 1881Stevenson Virg. Puerisque, Ordered South, The troubled, busy-looking groups of sea-pines.
1887Nicholson's Dict. Gard. s.v. Pinus, P. Lambertiana. *Sugar Pine... California, etc. 1827. This, one of the tallest of all Pines, has an enormous girth.
1857Henfrey Elem. Bot. §600 P[inus] palustris, the *Swamp-pine of Virginia.
1866Treas. Bot. 537 G[lyptostrobus] heterophyllus, a small tree eight to ten feet high, is the Chinese *Water Pine, planted along the margins of rice-fields near Canton.
1755H. Walpole Let. to Montagu 8 Nov., A dozen of the New England, or Lord *Weymouth's pine.
1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 298 The *Wild Pine, or Scotch Fir.
1822J. Flint Lett. Amer. 229 White and *yellow pines, similar to those of Canada, are brought from Allegany river.
b. Also applied to plants of other orders, resembling the true pines in foliage or some other respect: e.g. certain species of Lycopodium or club-moss (festoon pine, L. rupestre; moon-fruit pine, L. lucidulum; running pine, L. clavatum) see also ground-pine, prince's pine, screw-pine, and senses 5, 5 b.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 323 Stinking Ground Pine, Camphorosma.
3. transf. Something made of pine-wood: e.g. a torch, a ship, a mast. Chiefly poet.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 78 Synecdoche..as to say, the lofty Pine did scowre the Seas; for the Shippe made of the Pine tree. 1640H. Glapthorne Ladies Priviledge iv. Plays 1874 II. 148 Hymen light thy Pine. a1704T. Brown On Dk. Ormond's Recov. Wks. 1730 I. 50 E'er..floating pines were steered by daring man. 1762–9Falconer Shipwr. ii. 917 Fast by the fated pine bold Rodmond stands.
†4. pl. The edible seeds of the stone-pine (Pinus Pinea) or other species. Obs. [app. from L. pīnea.]
1335–6Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 527, j li. et di. de pynes. 1340Ibid. 37 Maces, pynes, et galanga. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 15 Mynced Datys, Pynys and Roysonys of Corauns. c1450Ibid. 95 Resons of corance, Pynes, Clowes, Maces. 1583Rates of Customs D vij, Pine the pound, vjd.
5. a. = pineapple 2: cf. piña 1.
1657Bk. of Continuation of Forreign Passages 46 Fruits..Pyne, the best that ever was eat, in season almost all the year long. 1661Evelyn Diary 9 Aug., The famous Queen Pine brought from Barbados..; the first that were ever seen in England were those sent to Cromwell foure years since. a1683― Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 29 The royal pine—a compendium of all that is delicious to the taste and smell. 1764Museum Rust. iii. xxxi. 142 It will produce about one hundred and fifty pines a year. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 490/1 In the island of Penang..there is a sort [of pine-apple] all the flowers of which always change into branches, each of which bears a pine, terminated by a crown, so that a great cluster of pine-apples is produced by a single stem; specimens of this sort are called double pines. 1879F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience ii. xv, Two of the choicest pines had been cut for dessert. 1920‘K. Mansfield’ Bliss 35 He bought a pineapple... The oysters and the pine he stowed away..under the front seat. 1954Farmer's Guide (Jamaica Agric. Soc.) 392 The Sugar Loaf is only of importance as a fresh fruit. It is not a suitable pine for canning.
b. wild pine: name in the West Indies, etc. for species of Tillandsia (allied to Ananassa), epiphytes growing upon trees.
1707Sloane Jamaica I. 189 The Wild Pine is a plant so called because it somewhat resembles the bush that bears the pine [i.e. pine-apple]. 1829Nat. Phil., Prelim. Treat. 39 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) In the West Indies..a kind of plant called the Wild-pine grows upon the branches of the trees.
c. A liqueur made from the pine-apple fruit.
1818Sporting Mag. II. 285 Three glasses of pine and one of Curaçoa.
6. A figure of a pine-apple or a pine-cone.
1790W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 13 On the top is a pine, which should be double gilt.
7. a. attrib. and Comb., as pine bark, pine board, pine bough, pine box, pine fire, pine forest, pine grove, pine hill, pine-log, pine plain, pine plantation, pine splint, pine stem, pine stump, pine thicket, pine timber, pine tract, etc.; (sense 5) pine frame, pine-pit, pine-plant; pine-bearing, pine-bordered, pine-built, pine-capt, pine-clad, pine-covered, pine-creeping, pine-crested, pine-crowned, pine-dotted, pine-encircled, pine-fringed, pine-grown, pine-panelled, pine-scented, pine-shaded, etc. adjs.; pine-beauty, a moth, Trachea piniperda, whose larva feeds on pine-trees; pine-beetle (also pine-bark beetle), any one of various small beetles destructive to the bark or wood of pines; pine bird's-nest = pine-sap; pine-blight, a blight or disease of pine-bark caused by an aphis, as Chermes pinicorticis, which secretes a coating of white filaments; also the insect itself; pine-blister(-rust), a fungus disease of pine trees, caused by species of Cronartium (Peridermium) characterized by yellowish swellings on the bark; formerly also applied to needle rust caused by Coleosporium species; pine-bluff, a bluff or precipitous cliff crowned with pine-trees; pine-borer, a longicorn beetle, whose larvæ live in pine trees; pine-bud moth, the Tortricine, Orthotænia turionana; pine-bullfinch = pine-grosbeak; pine carpet, a species of carpet-moth, as Thera firmata, whose larva feeds on pine-trees; pine-chafer, a N. American beetle, Anomala oblivia, which feeds on pine-leaves; pine-cloth = pineapple cloth; pine-cone, the cone or fruit of the pine-tree; pine-creeper, -creeping warbler = pine warbler; pine drape U.S. slang = pine overcoat; pine-drops, the N. American plant Pterospora andromedea (family Monotropaceæ), parasitic on the roots of pine-trees (cf. beech drops); pine finch, (a) = pine-grosbeak; (b) = pine-siskin; † pine-glandule = pineal gland; pine goldfinch = pine-siskin; pine green, the colour of pine needles; pine grosbeak, a large finch, Pinicola enucleator, inhabiting pine-woods in Europe and North America; pine grouse = dusky grouse (see grouse n.1 1); pine gum, U.S., the resin or turpentine obtained from several species of pine, esp. the slash pine, Pinus caribæa, and the southern pine, P. echinata; pine hawk-moth, a species of hawk-moth, Sphinx pinastri, whose larva feeds on the pine-tree; pine-house = pinery 1; pine-kernel, (a) the seed of any pine-tree, esp. when edible; (b) † the pineal gland; pine lappet (moth), a large brown European moth, Dendrolimus pini, whose larvæ feed on pines; also called the pine tree lappet; pine-linnet = pine siskin; pine-lizard, the common brown lizard of N. America, Sceloporus undulatus; pine-marten (see marten 2); pine-mast, pine-cones collectively (see mast n.2); pine-mouse, a N. American meadow-mouse, Arvicola (Pitymys) pinetorum, usually inhabiting pine-barrens; pine-needle, the needle-shaped leaf of the pine (hence pine-needle wool = pine-wool); pine-oil, name for various oils obtained from the leaves, twigs, wood, or resin of pine-trees; pine overcoat U.S. slang, a coffin; † pine-ploughed a., ploughed by ‘pines’, i.e. ships (cf. 3); pine rust, a disease of pine trees caused by a rust fungus, e.g. pine blister; pine-sap, a reddish fleshy plant, Monotropa Hypopitys (Hypopitys multiflora), formerly supposed to be parasitic on the roots of pine-trees; also, the allied Schweinitzia odorata (sweet pine-sap); pine savanna(h) U.S. , a savannah in which pines are the prevailing trees; pine saw-fly, any sawfly whose larvæ feed on pine-trees, esp. species of Diprion or Gilpinia; pine siskin, a small N. American siskin or finch, Spinus pinus, found in pine-woods; pine-snake, a large harmless snake of the N. American genus Pituophis, found in pine-woods; also attrib.; pine-stove = pinery 1; pine straw U.S., (esp. dried) pine needles; pine-strawberry (see strawberry); pine swamp U.S., a low-lying or marshy piece of ground on which pine-trees grow; pine tags U.S., pine needles; so pine-tag attrib.; pine-thistle, a species of thistle, Atractylis (Carlina) gummifera, the root of which contains a gummy substance; pine-torch, a torch made of pine-wood; pine warbler, a small N. American warbler, Dendrœca pinus, inhabiting pine-woods; pine-weed, a small N. American plant, Hypericum gentianoides, with wiry branches and small scale-like leaves; also called orange-grass (Treas. Bot. 1866); = nit-weed; pine-weevil, any weevil which infests pine-trees, as Hylobius abietis and species of Pissodes (Nicholson's Dict. Gard. 1887); pine-wool, a wool-like material made from the spun fibres of pine-leaves, used in some countries for garments (Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. (1861) 166); pine-worm, the larva of the pine-sawfly. See also pineapple, pine-barren, etc.
1709J. Lawson New Voy. to Carolina 177 They make use of *pine bark. a1816B. Hawkins Sk. Creek Country (1848) 71 They are covered with clay and that with pine bark. 1973R. Lockridge Not I, said Sparrow (1974) x. 153 Bisecting the tracks were traces of pine bark... The pine bark—what's left of a bridle path. 1978Country Life 12 Oct. 1094/1 Pine bark was found to be one of the most important foods [of beavers].
1887Nicholson's Dict. Gard., *Pine Bark Beetles, numerous species of small beetles..live below the bark of Fir-trees and other Conifers.
c1614Sir W. Mure Dido & æneas ii. 475 Aged Atlas, whose *pyn-bearing browes..Nor haile..nor wind..eschewes.
1887Nicholson's Dict. Gard. s.v. Pinus, The *Pine Beauty, Trachea piniperda.
1892Garden 27 Aug. 200 The Scotch Fir shoots..have been tunnelled by the *Pine beetle.
1889H. M. Ward Timber & Dis. xii. 259 It is thus seen that the fungus Peridermium Pini was regarded as a parasite of pines, and that it possessed two varieties, one inhabiting the leaves and the other the cortex... The disease may be popularly denoted ‘*Pine-blister’. 1894W. Somerville tr. Hartig's Textbk. Dis. Trees i. 175 Three species of pine-blister-rust are to be distinguished in the cortex of trees. 1907W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry (ed. 2) IV. 441 Scots pines infected with this disease, which is very common in the British Isles and called pine-blister, are termed foxy trees by English foresters. 1929T. Thomson tr. Büsgen's Struct. & Life Forest Trees xiv. 411 Individual stems of the pine and their descendants are especially prone to the pine blister.
1766J. Bartram Jrnl. 18 Jan. in W. Stork Acc. E. Florida 41 We rowed..by some oak and *pine-bluffs.
1637Early Rec. Dedham, Mass. (1892) III. 39 To alowe for saweing *Pyne board 5s. 1728New Hampsh. Probate Rec. (1914) II. 344 Eight thousand feet of good and merchantable pine boards every year. 1825Gentl. Mag. XCV. i. 6 Lumber, such as pine-boards and scantling. 1870De B. R. Keim Sheridan's Troopers on Borders xix. 125 A neat coffin had been made of pine boards. 1938L. Bemelmans Life Class iii. v. 245 Their flooring was of scrubbed pine boards.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 292 Vast plains and *pine-bordered sandhills.
1862Rep. Comm. Patents 1861: Agric. (U.S.) 614 The larvæ [sic] of this insect is evidently a *pine-borer, for I have found it about saw-mills. 1884Rep. Comm. Agric. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 379 The Common Longicorn Pine-Borer..is destructive to the white pine. 1977Listener 20 Oct. 503/3 Only when he discovered a small collection of New Zealand insects..did he trace it to a specimen of the New Zealand pine-borer; Prinoplus reticularis.
1657Thornley tr. Longus' Daphnis & Chloe 29 She crowned her head with *pine-boughes. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. 48 The pine boughs are singing Old songs with new gladness.
1847W. T. Porter Quarter Race Kentucky 86 Ar you a goin to tum⁓tum all nite on that pot-gutted old *pine box of a fiddle? 1867O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel 406 The long pine boxes came by almost every train,—no need of asking what they held! 1890N. P. Langford Vigilante Days II. xxv. 441 A company of twenty or more men approaching the station, bearing in their midst a long pine box.
1881E. A. Ormerod Injur. Insects (1890) 246 The caterpillars of the *Pine-bud Moth are injurious to the Scotch Fir, Silver Fir, and various species of Pine.
1808Scott Marm. vi. Introd. 10 His low and *pine-built hall.
a1811R. Cumberland in T. Mitchell Aristoph. (1822) II. 42 O'er the mountain's *pine-capt brow.
1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 103/2 The *pine-chafer..is destructive in some places. 1972Swan & Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 435 The Pine Chafer, A[nomala] oblivia, is very similar [to the Oriental Beetle]..; it infests red, jack, and Scotch pines.
1786R. P. Jodrell Pers. Heroine ii. ix. 23 His *pine-clad head Old Athos bow'd. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xii. 90 At the other side was the pine-clad slope.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth ii. (1723) 81 Nuts, *Pine-Cones, and the like. 1866W. M. Rossetti in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems p. xlii, A gilt bronze pine-cone, hollowed, and 11 feet in height, used once to be at the summit of the Sepulchre or Mole of Hadrian. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Farming Wks. (Bohn) III. 60 Nature drops a pine-cone in Mariposa, and it lives fifteen centuries.
1820M. Edgeworth Let. 5 Aug. (1979) 199 High *pine covered mountains. 1884G. A. Townsend in Century Mag. XXVII. 824 Pine-covered hills. 1955E. Pound Classic Anthol. iii. 184 High, pine-covered peak full of echos.
1731M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. 61 The *Pine-creeper... They creep about Trees; particularly the Pine- and Fir-trees; from which they peck Insects.
1811A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. III. 25 Pine-Creeping Warbler..inhabits the pine woods of the Southern states. 1868Wood Homes without H. xiii. 248 The *Pine-Creeping Warbler (Sylvia pinus). 1917T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 148 Pine Warbler. Dendroica vigorsi... Pine-creeping Warbler; Pine Creeper.
1777E. Ryves Poems 36 Up the *pine-crown'd hill.
1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 141 Neath the *pine-dotted slopes of Tivoli.
1945L. Shelly Jive Talk Dict. 31 *Pine drape, coffin. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 91 Pine drape, coffin.
1866Treas. Bot., *Pine-drops, an American name for Pterospora.
1810A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. II. 133 *Pine Finch..seeks the seeds of the black alder. 1871J. Burroughs Wake-Robin 78, I observed several pine finches a dark brown or brindlish bird. 1894R. B. Sharpe Handbk. Birds Gt. Brit. I. 61 The Pine-finch, Pinicola enucleator.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xii. 86 After dinner we gathered round the *pine-fire.
1799C. B. Brown Arthur Mervyn I. ii. 15 Betty Lawrence was a wild girl from the *pine forests of New-Jersey. 1822Shelley To Jane—the Recollect. 1 We wandered to the Pine Forest. 1913J. London Valley of Moon 472 Vainly Saxon's eye roved the pine forest in search of her beloved redwoods. 1973M. Monsarrat Bk. of Europe 118/2 Värmland, a gentle place of rolling farmland, pine forests and grand manor houses. 1978D. Kyle Black Camelot xviii. 273 Sheltering in the Bavarian pine forests.
1657Thornley tr. Longus' Daphnis & Chloe 92 They crowned him [a goat] with *pine-garlands.
1615Crooke Body of Man 468 The backeside of the *Pine-glandule.
1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 28/1 (Advt.), Reconditioned Alfa Romeo Sale..*pine green. 1974Simpson (Piccadilly) Christmas Catal. 12 Jacquard patterned cashmere sweater. Light brown/white, pine green/white.
1772Forster in Phil. Trans. LXII. 402 *Pine Grosbeak. 1884Harper's Mag. Mar. 619/1 One of our most beautiful and interesting winter visitants is the pine grosbeak.
1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxxv. 397 Some *pine-grown summits behind the town. 1915R. Lankester Diversions of Naturalist 4 That pine-grown land.
1855W. G. Simms Forayers 434 A leetle *pine-gum plaister on that head of yourn will stop up the sore places. 1921Frontier (Missoula, Montana) May 5 The Sheep Eaters lived in tepees made of cedar thatched with moss and cemented by pine gum. 1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling iv. 41 He sewed the two deepest cuts and rubbed pine gum into all of them.
1859W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1862) 36 It will change first into a brown chrysalis, then into a large and pretty moth—the *Pine-hawk Moth.
a1652Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VI. 16 The land running northward upon a straite line untill it cometh to range even with north side of the shop..and foure accres more or lesse upon *pine hill south. 1773J. McAfee Jrnl. in N. M. Woods Woods-McAfee Memorial (1905) 436/1 We..crossed Cantucky river within 8 miles of pine hills and broken mountains. 1947Dylan Thomas Let. 20 May (1966) 307 The pinehills are endless.
1887Nicholson's Dict. Gard. s.v. Pine-apple, Provision should be made, in *Pine-houses or pits, for applying a thin shading for a few hours on bright summer days.
1598Epulario H iv b, Some dry Figges, and two ounces of *Pine kernels. 1653H. More Antid. Ath. i. xi. (1712) 33 That particular piece of the Brain they call the Conarion or Pine-kernel. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 144 The Indian Pine Kernels are little Almonds of a yellowish white Colour.
[c1760B. Wilkes Eng. Moths & Butterflies i. i. 29 The Wild Pine-tree Lappit-moth.] 1824J. Curtis Brit. Entomol. I. 7 (heading) *Pine lappet. 1907R. South Moths Brit. Isles, 1st Ser. 106 This is..the ‘Wild Pine tree Lappet Moth’ and ‘Pine Tree Lappet’ of the more ancient authors. 1966O. Kuthanová tr. Moucha's Beautiful Moths 106 Pine Lappet Moth... This moth is one of Central Europe's notorious pine forest pests.
1885Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 421 S[celoporus] undulatus..prefers the more sandy localities covered with pine, and is often called the ‘*pine lizard’. 1895Outing (U.S.) XXVI. 34/2 A pine lizard ran up the trunk of a cedar tree.
1694Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1852) 4th Ser. I. 105 Ye town is incompass'd with a fortification, consisting of *pine-logs. 1853J. M. Neale in Oxf. Bk. Carols (1928) 271 Bring me flesh, and bring me wine, Bring me pine⁓logs hither. 1902S. E. White Blazed Trail 266 The instant necessity was to get thirty millions of pine logs down the river. 1938E. Ambler Cause for Alarm xvii. 281 We stood in front of the fire... There were two half-consumed pine logs hissing..on the top. 1978Country Life 12 Oct. 1096/4 The pine logs are first debarked and then loaded into the kilns and burnt [for charcoal].
1772Forster in Phil. Trans. LXII. 372 *Pine Marten. 1884Jefferies Red Deer ix. 169 A reddish-brown marten-cat, or pine-marten. 1936D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies xxvi. 230 The Pine marten may long continue to frequent the green solitudes. 1964H. N. Southern Handbk. Brit. Mammals ii. 358 Pine Marten (M[artes] martes), the only one occurring in British Isles, distributed in Europe down to Mediterranean.
1866in Higginson's Harvard Mem. Biog., Whittemore I. 410 The dry leaves and *pine-needles are as luxurious to lie on.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 649 *Pine-oil or Fir-oil,..names..applied to certain oils resembling oil of turpentine, obtained in various ways from pine and fir-trees.
1896Congress. Rec. 20 Jan. 796/2 The bill provides that the Committee shall..get as cheap a coffin as it can bargain for..perhaps what they call in the army a pine overcoat.
1929E. Linklater Poet's Pub xxiv. 259 The room..was..*pine-panelled. 1952M. Laski Village vi. 106 Delicate satinwood furniture against the pine-panelled walls. 1968J. Sangster Touchfeather xiv. 150 One of the main rooms..was about sixty feet long, pine panelled and cool. 1974Country Life 21 Mar. 695/3 Specialists in carved or plain pine panelled Rooms.
1810Splendid Follies I. 39 Scrambling over the *pine-pit, he sheered off. 1837Civ. Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 24/2 The iron-roofed vinery..with a pine pit in the middle.
1665Early Rec. Lancaster, Mass. (1884) 79 A slipe of medow ground Runing through the most part of a great *pine plaine. 1779Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1886) 2nd Ser. II. 464 [We] encampt on a pine plain by the side of a Large flatt. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng., etc. (1821) II. 158 The lands..are either pine-plains, or intervals. 1935Ecol. Monogr. Jan. 66 The sandy, so-called ‘Pine plains’ were pitch pine.
1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Pine-apple, Generally..*pine plants..brought from the West-Indies, have a white insect adhering to them.
1775G. White Selborne xlii. 108 The *pine-plantations of that nobleman are very grand.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iii. Colonies 186 The *Pine-plough'd Sea.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 185 The unbarked *pine-posts of the rude verandah.
1913Phytopathol. III. 306 (heading) The introduction of a European *pine rust into Wisconsin. 1951Dict. Gardening (R. Hort. Soc.) III. 1580/1 Weymouth Pine Rust is a disease of 5-needled pines caused by the aecidial stage of the rust fungus Cronartium ribicola. 1960C. Westcott Plant Disease Handbk. (ed. 2) iv. 355 (caption) Pine rusts.
1857Gray First Lessons Bot. (1866) 35 Other parasitic plants, like the Beech drops and *Pine-sap, fasten their roots under ground upon the roots of neighboring plants.
1735New Voy. to Georgia 13 We rode about two Miles farther, where we came to a large *Pine Savannat [sic, bis]. 1791W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 208 The cattle which only feed and range in the high forests and Pine savannas are clear of this disorder. 1827[see savannah 2]. 1976West & Augelli Middle Amer. (ed. 2) ii. 47/2 The chief reason for the Nicaraguan pine-savanna is probably the porous, gravelly soil, which will support only drought-tolerant plants.
1840J. & M. Loudon tr. Köllar's Treat. Insects iii. 345 The means devised by man for guarding against and destroying the *pine saw-fly are as follows. 1887Nicholson's Dict. Gardening s.v., Lophyrus Pini is the one generally denoted by the name of Pine Sawfly. 1972Times 10 June 1/7 The limited experimental evidence..demonstrated an effective defence against the potato moth and the pine sawfly.
1891O. Wilde Pict. Dorian Gray xviii. 299 The clear, *pine-scented air. 1937M. Sharp Nutmeg Tree iv. 51 A gust of sweet pine-scented air. 1972D. Anthony Blood on Harvest Moon ii. 19 The cabin reeked from the pine-scented disinfectant they used to clean the bathroom.
1885A. Brassey The Trades 344 The *pine-shipping season is..a period of great activity in the Bahamas.
1887R. Ridgway Man. N. Amer. Birds 400 Northern North America, breeding from northern United States north⁓ward... *Pine Siskin. 1947Chicago Tribune 28 Dec. vi. 1/1 Some pine siskins..were found munching on birch cones and pods. 1971Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 13 June 13/1 A flock of pine siskins, flashing their yellow-banded wings in darting flight.
1791*Pine-snake [see bull-snake s.v. bull n.1 11]. 1823E. James Acct. Expedition Rocky Mts. I. 131 A serpent..which has considerable affinity with the pine-snake of the southern states. 1880Libr. Univ. Knowl. (N.Y.) XI. 720 Pine snake, Pituophis melanoleucus. 1895Outing (U.S.) XXVI. 39/2 A pine snake, bloated and glistening, wriggles across the road. 1941M. Lyon Take to Hills 192 Inside that bird nest was a small piece of discarded pine snakeskin, the original bands still faintly visible. 1956L. M. Klauber Rattlesnakes I. ix. 585 A timber rattler..had eaten a pine snake.
a1843Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. Ser. ii. (1849) 660/1 Candles made of the *Pine-splints.
1832J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xxviii. 295 The ground was strewed with a thick coat of *pine-straw,—as the yellow sheddings of this tree are called. 1884G. W. Cable Dr. Sevier lvii. 435 Here stood Mary Richling. She still had on the pine-straw hat. 1939These are our Lives (Federal Writers' Project, U.S.) 51 The pen was grounded with pine straw as was the shelter. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 15 May 18/3 Our toys were found or made on the farm. We rolled steel barrel hoops with a heavy wire pusher, slid down pine-straw hills on old disc-plow blades.
1659Rec. Watertown, Mass. (1894) I. i. 65 Abram Brownes Land..begins ten rod from Rich. Bloyse his lott, & soe apon a straite line to a *pine stump. 1816Niles' Reg. IX. Suppl. 178/1 Many a farmer who heretofore dreaded the pine stump..now swings his undisturbed scythe. 1894Home Missionary (N.Y.) Oct. 328 This pine-stump land..is proving to be the best potato land in the world.
1635Cambridge (Mass.) Proprietors' Rec. (1896) 6 More by the *pine swampe about six acers. 1705Early Rec. Providence, Rhode Island (1903) XVII. 201 At the South End of a Piece of Meadow & a Pine Swampe. 1862O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 62 We are bivouacked in a pine swamp.
1851Southern Lit. Messenger XVII. 226/2 We made [a bonfire] of dead boughs and ‘*pine-tags’. 1881Harper's Mag. Nov. 868/2 At night they [sc. the mountain people]..lie down on their pine-tag beds. 1947Richmond (Virginia) Times-Dispatch 13 Oct. 10/3 Oat straw,..pine tags,..and lawn clippings and leaves also could be used [for a mulch].
1836in Jrnl. Southern Hist. (1935) I. 367, I have been lost nearly all day.., wandering about in *pine thickets. 1867H. Latham Black & White 38 They always had to ride off at night six or seven miles, up into the pine-thickets, to sleep.
1671South Carolina Hist. Soc. Coll. (1897) V. 298, I have..dispatched the Carolina laden with *Pine timber. 1842P. J. Selby Brit. Forest Trees 410 The durability of Pine timber..is considered to be scarcely inferior to that of the oak. 1866Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 288 There is much of their territory valuable for the pine timber upon it.
1857Mayne Exp. Lex., *Pine-thistle.
1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 99 The Valley of Grindelwald, interspersed with verdant lawns and sable *pine-tracts.
1884Health Exhib. Catal. 42/2 *Pine Wool Anti-rheumatic Underclothing.
1839W. B. O. Peabody in Storer & Peabody Rep. Fishes, Reptiles & Birds Mass. 310 The *Pine Warbler..is not much known, because it resides in deep, evergreen forests. 1868Amer. Naturalist II. 171 Soon after the pine-warbler has arrived..the Yellow Red-polled Warbler..makes his appearance. 1917T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 149/1 The Pine Warbler is a well-named bird, because its nesting sites are always in pine trees. 1961O. L. Austin Birds of World 285/2 The well-named Pine Warbler..almost invariably nests in a clump of pine needles.
1814J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis 73 Sarothra gentianoides *Pine weed... A small, erect branching plant. 1843,1907Pine-weed [see nit-weed].
1862Rep. Comm. Patents 1861: Agric. (U.S.) 605 Hylobius pales..is the common ‘*pine weevil’ of the north and the south. 1867Amer. Naturalist I. 110 Many other weevils and boring-beetles, especially..the Pine Weevil (Pissodes strobi)..now abound. 1936Discovery Feb. 47/2 Extensive planting of conifers since the War has raised the problem of undue increase of the damaging Pine Weevils. 1972Swan & Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 486 Pine Weevil: Hylobius congener... Range: Massachusetts to Alaska.
b. attrib. passing into adj. Designating preparations having the aroma of pine-needles.
1890T. H. Dean How to be Beautiful ii. 23 Pine bath. This is a bath much prized by a beautiful Russian lady. 1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 472/1 Klenitas Pine Bath—bot. 2/6. 1931S. Jameson Richer Dust xiv. 420 Put some pine salts in my bath. 1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 404/3 Pine odour disinfectant powder. 1972J. Aiken Butterfly Picnic x. 175 [A] powerful effusion of pine bath essence. 1976J. Wilson Let's Pretend xvii. 179 A bottle of pine disinfectant.
▪ III. pine, v.|paɪn|
Forms: 1–2 pinian, 3–7 pyne, 3– pine.
[OE. pínian, f. pín, pine n.1: cf. MDu., MLG. pînen, Du. pijnen, OHG. pînôn (MHG. pînen, Ger. peinen), ON. pína to torment, punish (Sw. pina, Da. pine to torment); cf. also OIr., Ir., Gael. pian to torment, f. pian n. Cf. later Eng. peine-n, pain, from OF.]
†1. trans. To afflict with pain or suffering; to cause to suffer; to torment, trouble, distress. Also absol. Obs. (Cf. pain v. 2.)
c893K. ælfred Oros ii. iii. §4 Ða pineden hie hiene mid ðæm ðæt hie his hand forbærndon. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. viii. 29 Ða cuome hider ær tid to pinenne [Ags. G. þreaᵹenne] usih. 1154O.E. Chron. an. 1137 [Hi] pineden him alle þe ilce pining ðat ure Drihten was pined. c1175Lamb. Hom. 17 He was ipinet ermiliche to deðe. a1225Ancr. R. 404 Neuer er nu nes ich ful pined. a1340Hampole Psalter iv. 5 Doand penaunce & pynand ȝow for ȝowre synnes. 1494Fabyan Chron. i. cxxii. 99 He was taken in suspeccion, and so turmentyd and pyned yt he confessyd. 1569T. Underdown Ovid agst. Ibis K vj b, Aristophanes was by publike authoritie pyned to death. 1635Quarles Embl. v. i. iii. 246 O tell him..how my soule is pin'd. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc., Scots Cantata, Hence frae my breast, contentious care, Ye've tint the power to pine. [1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiii. 285 Truly might the Chronicler say..that never were martyrs so pined as they were.]
†2. intr. To suffer, to undergo pain. Obs. rare. (In later use merged in 5.)
c1175Lamb. Hom. 35 Ic walde fein pinian and sitten on forste and on snawe. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋773 (Harl. MS.) To synne and to pyne of þe deþ þat is pardurable.
†3. trans. To put to labour; refl. to take pains, exert oneself, labour, toil (= pain v. 4). Obs.
13..K. Alis. 5914 Mychel he hym pyned er al þis londe He haueþ ywonne. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 150 A bole þat shal be kild..is not pyned ne traveilid wiþ oþer beestis. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. xcvii. 100 His fadyr and his modir pyned hem to lere hym som craft. c1400Destr. Troy 11558 All grauntid the gome to þe gay qwene, For to proker hir pes, & pyne hym þerfore.
4. To exhaust or consume (a person, animal, etc.) by suffering of body or mind, esp. by want of food or by wasting disease; to cause to languish; to wear out, waste away, reduce to leanness, emaciate; to deprive or stint of food, to starve. Also with away, to death, etc. Now rare exc. dial.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9230 Þis bissop was ney to grounde ibroȝt Mid honger..He wep & cride on is men þat hii ssolde on him rewe Þat he nere to deþe ipined. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 155 Þei pynen hem bi þe worste hungir. 1549Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1641) 23 Seeing yee so unpittifully vex men,..pine them with famine. 1563Ld. J. Gray in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. II. 279 The thought and care she takethe..pines her awaye. 1596P. Barrough Meth. Physick (ed. 3) 372 Phisitions keepe their patients in darkenes, pining them euen vnto bones. 1606Holland Sueton. 111 When as shee was fully determined to pine her selfe to death: hee caused her mouth perforce to bee opened, and meate to be crammed into her throate. c1646in Glover's Hist. Derby i. (1829) App. 67 [Wingfield Manor] was a place that could not be otherwise taken, without they were pined out. 1731–3Miller Gard. Dict. (ed. 2) s.v. Crocus, The Bulb seem'd..to be pin'd and emaciated. 1759S. Fielding C'tess of Dellwyn I. 223 He fattened on Flattery, and pined himself away. a1845Hood Lamia iv, I'd pine him to a ghost for want of rest. 1848Buckley Iliad 17 But he pined away his great heart, remaining there. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Pine, to starve, kill by starvation. ‘They besieged the town in hope to pine 'em’. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche June iii, If she there had died of hunger pined.
absol.c1613Rowlands Paire of Spy-Knaves 19 Thou do'st onely pinch, and pine, and spare, To hord vp money.
5. a. intr. To become wasted or feeble, from suffering (bodily or mental), esp. from intense grief, etc., wasting disease, or want of sustenance; to lose vitality or vigour; to languish, waste away.
c1440Boctus (Laud MS. 559 lf. 10 b), That he shulde other dayes nyne In prison leve and there pyne. c1440Promp. Parv. 400/1 Pynyn, or languryn in sekenesse,..langueo, elangueo. 1548Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 25 So doeth the soule pyne a way for default of gostly meate. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 392 His wife, whiche pined to deathe for sorowe. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1115 He ten times pines, that pines beholding food. c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 266 Pining with spite and envy. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 18 They generally pine away..and die in a short time. 1782Johnson Let. to Boswell 28 Mar. in Life, You must get a place, or pine in penury. 1871R. Ellis Catullus viii. 14 But thou'lt be mourning thus to pine unask'd alway.
b. transf. Of things: To lose bulk, vigour, or intensity; to languish.
1727Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 112 The sparkling flames raise water to a smile, Yet the pleas'd liquor pines, and lessens all the while. 1844Mrs. Browning Brown Rosary ii. 107 Ah me, the sun! the dreamlight 'gins to pine. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 173 In the Canary Islands, where the tobacco industry had to be resorted to after the cochineal pined.
c. trans. with away or out: To consume or spend (life, health, etc.) in pining.
1725Pope Odyss. xv. 383 She..for Ulysses lost Pined out her bloom, and vanish'd to a ghost. 1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. xxxiv. (1783) I. 208 Many..pining away existence under the lashes..of reproach. 1851Thackeray Eng. Hum. vi, Barristers pining a hungry life out in chambers.
d. Of timber: to shrink.
1833J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage, Farm, & Villa Archit. ii. ii. 492 The granary floor to be laid with inch-and-quarter white-wood battens, dressed and jointed: the battens to be laid loose, so as to take up and relay after pining (shrinking).
6. intr. To be consumed with longing; to languish with intense desire, to hunger after something; to long eagerly. Const. for, after, or inf.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. v. iii. 236 The new-made Bride⁓groome..For whom (and not for Tybalt) Iuliet pinde. 1696Tate & Brady Ps. xlii. 2 For thee, my God,..My thirsty Soul doth pine. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. ii. 312 Who died there pining for their native home. 1829Lytton Devereux ii. vii, We pine for sympathy. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet III. 258 Harry Temple was wise enough to give up pining after what he could not get.
7. a. intr. To repine, complain, fret.
1687Norris Hymn, ‘Long have I view'd’ ii, No longer will I grieve or pine. 1838Lytton Leila ii. ii, The eager and ardent spirits that pined at the..inactivity of Ferdinand's..campaign. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Bagman's Dog, Scratching and whining, And moaning and pining.
b. trans. To repine at, lament, mourn. arch.
1667Milton P.L. iv. 848 Abasht the Devil stood..and saw Vertue in her shape how lovly, saw, and pin'd His loss. 1872Swinburne Under Microscope 8 We..see, and pine our loss.
8. a. trans. To cause (fish) to shrink, in the process of curing; to dry by exposure to the weather.
1560Aberdeen Regr. XXIV. (Jam.), The fische wes nocht pynit nor rypit aneucht. 1641S. Smith Herring Buss Trade 10 The Pickle..doth so pine and overcome the nature of the Herring, that it makes it stiffe. 1705Sc. Acts Anne (1824) XI. 293/1 That all the herring or white fish..shall be pined cured and packed from the bottom to the top with forreign salt allennarly. 1814J. Shirreff Agric. Surv. Shetl. 91 When the body of the fish is all equally dried, here called pined, which is known by the salt appearing on the surface in a white efflorescence, here called bloom.
b. intr. Of fish: To shrink or ‘render’, as in the process of curing.
1681J. Chetham Angler's Vade-m. iv. §21 (1689) 53 Some expert Anglers preserve Salmon Spawn, from pining, with Salt. |