| 释义 |
▪ I. pillory, n.|ˈpɪlərɪ|
Forms: 3–4 pillori, 3–7 pyllory, 4–7 pilory, 5 pilery, pullery, pull-, pyllorie, pelory, 5–6 pillery, -ie, pyllere, -ery, pylery, pillorye, 5–7 pillorie, 6 pyllary, pillarie, 7 pillary, 3– pillory.
[ME. pillori, pilory, etc., a. OF. pellori (1168), pilorit, pilori (13th c., Godef.), also pillori, peulauri, pellerich, of uncertain origin: see Note below.]
A contrivance for the punishment of offenders, consisting usually of a wooden framework erected on a post or pillar, and formed, like the stocks, of two movable boards which, when brought together at their edges, leave holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust, in which state he was exposed to public ridicule, insult, and molestation. In other forms, the culprit was fastened to a stake by a ring round his neck and wrists. (In quot. a 1380, the name is applied to the cross.) The Chinese cangue is a species of portable pillory.
In Great Britain the punishment of the pillory was abolished, except for perjury, in 1815, and totally in 1837. In Delaware, U.S., it was not abolished till 1905.
[a1189Charter of Hen. II in Dugdale's Monast. (1819) II. 351/1 Monachi de Middeltone habeant..omnes terras..cum..assisa panis et cervisie, cum furcis, pilloriis et cum omnibus aliis pertinentiis.] 1274–5Rot. Hundred. (1818) II. 194/1 (MS. m. 33), Abbas Sancti Edmundi habet..Pyllory et Trebuchet in Mercato de Bocholnesdal. 1275[see pit n.1 2 b]. a1300Sat. People Kildare xvi. in E.E.P. (1862) 155 Ȝe [bakers] pincheþ on þe riȝt white aȝen goddes law To þe fair pillori ich rede ȝe tak hede. c1325Poem Times Edw. II 477 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 345 The pilory and the cucking-stol beth i-mad for noht. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 69 To punisschen on pillories or on pynnyng stoles Brewesters, Bakers, Bochers and Cookes. 1393Ibid. C. iii. 216 Let hym nat a-skapie Er he be put on þe pullery. a1380Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. lii. 15 Chyld, whi artou not a-schamed On a pillori to ben I-piled? [See also pin v.1 1.] 14..in Surtees Misc. (1888) 60 Þe sayd Burgese sall.. ordan a pelory and a thew, lawfull and strang. 1444Maldon, Essex Liber A. lf. 32 b (MS.), If eny baker or brewer be ateynt of fals weght or of fals mesure, he shall be twyes amerced and at the thirde tyme he shall be sette in the pilery. 1511–12Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 6 §1 Upon payn to be sett upon the pillorie or the Cukkyngstole, Man or Woman as the case shall requyre. 1530Palsgr. 254/1 Pyllary to punysshe men at, pilory. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 49 Another prest this yere was sett on the pyllere in Chepe. 1575Nottingham Rec. IV. 157 The rog that was set on the pylery. 1628Meade in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 276 Being whipt from the Fleet to Westminster palace, where he stood in the pillory, had one ear nailed and cutt of close to his head and..his nostrils also slit. 1678Marvell Def. J. Howe Wks. 1875 IV. 236 [He] erects another pair of columns..betwixt which Mr. Howe is to look as through a pillary. 1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3936/3 London, July 31. On the 29th Instant Daniel Foe, alias de Foe, stood in the Pillory before the Royal Exchange in Cornhill. 1778Johnson 18 Apr. in Boswell, They should set him in the pillory, that he may be punished in a way that would disgrace him. 1837Act 7 Will. IV, & 1 Vict. c. 23 (title) An Act to abolish the Punishment of the Pillory. 1877Black Green Past. xliii, Then your reward would be the pillory for every coward..to have his fling at you.
fig.1838Disraeli Corr. w. Sister 1 Mar., Standing like a culprit before several hundred individuals sitting. After all, it is a moral pillory. 1876‘Ouida’ Winter City iv. 82 What Molière would have fastened for all time in his pillory.
b. finger-pillory: a similar contrivance by which the fingers were held with the first joint bent to a right angle.
1851N. & Q. 25 Oct., Amongst the old-time relics at Littlecote Hall, an ancient Wiltshire mansion, may still be seen a finger-pillory. 1899W. Andrews Bygone Punishments 171 Finger pillories or stocks..were probably frequently employed in the old manorial halls of England.
c. attrib. and Comb., as pillory-bird (cf. gallows-bird), pillory-hole, pillory-house; pillory-faced, pillory-like adjs.
c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 698 Tyburne coloppys, and pursekytters, Pylary knyghtes, double tollyng myllers. 1526Skelton Magnyf. 361 Boyes..wolde haue made me Freer Tucke, To preche out of the pylery hole. 1562Jack Juggler (Roxb.) 23 Wine shakin, pilorye peepours, of lice not without a pecke. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. ii. 75 Two boords, amid them both a pillery-like hole for the prisoners necke. 1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. ii. lxxviii. (1674) 230 Danger of being discovered to be a Pillory-bird. 1796C. Smith Marchmont III. 45 That old pillory faced blood-hound. 1884St. James's Gaz. 5 Apr. 6/2 They had not, as before the Revolution, the pillory-house to live in. [Note. Numerous forms of this word occur in med.L. (of France): Du Cange has pilorium, pillaurium, spilorium (Bordeaux), pellerinum, also pilaricum, pil-, pill-, pelloricum, pellericum (Aragon), most of which, if not all, appear to be formed on French or other vernacular forms. The forms in pil- suggest derivation from L. pīla, or its deriv. pīlāre, F. piler, pilier, pillar; but for those in pill-, pell-, this is phonologically unsuitable. The F. pilori is identified through Gascon espilori (Coutumes de Gontaud xlvii, a 1305) with Pr. espitlori ‘pillory’, which some connect with Cat. espitllera ‘little window, peep-hole’, with supposed reference to the hole through which the head was thrust in the pillory.] ▪ II. ˈpillory, v.
[f. prec. n.; cf. F. pilorier (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
trans. To set in the pillory; to punish by exposure in the pillory.
a1600Collier of Croydon ii. i. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 409, I have been five times pilloried, my coals given to the poor, and my sacks burnt before my face. 1685Evelyn Mem. 16 May, Titus Oates was sentenced to be whipped and pilloried with the utmost severity. 1714B. Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) I. 8 Tho' some, first pillory'd for cheating, Were hang'd in hemp of their own beating. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. I. 89 The government was able, through their instrumentality, to fine, imprison, pillory and mutilate without restraint.
transf.1863Hawthorne Our Old Home (1879) 15 A..bust of General Jackson, pilloried in a military collar which rose above his ears.
b. fig. To expose to public ridicule or abuse.
1699Bentley Phal. Pref. 18 He has Pillouried himself for't in Print, as long as that Book shall last. 1863Emerson Misc. Papers, Thoreau Wks. (Bohn) III. 326 He wanted a fallacy to expose, a blunder to pillory.
Hence ˈpilloried ppl. a., ˈpillorying vbl. n.
1671F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 167 A worse than Pilloried note of Ingratitude. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. iv. (1721) 224 Cropping of Ears, Pillorying, Gaoling. 1893Vizetelly Glances Back I. i. 10 The rough handling that usually befel pilloried culprits. |